Shloka 33

Devanagari script

चन्द्रादित्यौ ग्रहनक्षत्रतारा: सर्वाणि दर्शान्यथ पौर्णमासम्‌ | नक्षत्रयोगा ऋतवकश्च पार्थ विष्वक्सेनात्‌ सर्वमेतत्‌ प्रसूतम्‌

Transliteration

bhīṣma uvāca |

candrādityau grahanakṣatratārāḥ sarvāṇi darśāny atha paurṇamāsam |

nakṣatrayogā ṛtavaś ca pārtha viśvaksenāt sarvam etat prasūtam ||

Translation

ভীষ্ম বললেন— হে পার্থ! চন্দ্র ও সূর্য, গ্রহ, নক্ষত্র ও তারা; অমাবস্যার আচার এবং পূর্ণিমার ব্রত; নক্ষত্রযোগ ও ঋতু—এ সমস্তই বিষ্বক্ষেন (শ্রীকৃষ্ণ) থেকেই প্রসূত।

Word by Word

• चन्द्रादित्यौ: the moon and the sun
• चन्द्रादित्यौ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: चन्द्र + आदित्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• ग्रह: planets
• ग्रह: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: ग्रह
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• नक्षत्र: lunar mansions/constellations
• नक्षत्र: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: नक्षत्र
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Plural

• ताराः: stars
• ताराः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: तारा
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Plural

• सर्वाणि: all
• सर्वाणि: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Plural

• दर्श: new-moon day (amāvāsyā)
• दर्श: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दर्श
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• यथा: as/and also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा

• पौर्णमासम्: full-moon day (pūrṇimā)
• पौर्णमासम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पौर्णमास
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• नक्षत्रयोगाः: astral conjunctions (nakṣatra-yogas)
• नक्षत्रयोगाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: नक्षत्रयोग
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ऋतवः: seasons
• ऋतवः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋतु
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• पार्थ: O Pārtha (Arjuna)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्थ
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• विष्वक्सेनात्: from Viṣvaksena (all-pervading lord)
• विष्वक्सेनात्: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: विष्वक्सेन
• Form: Masculine, Ablative, Singular

• सर्वम्: all this
• सर्वम्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• एतत्: this
• एतत्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• प्रसूतम्: has been produced/has arisen
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + √सू
• Form: kta (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• Pārtha (Arjuna)
• Viśvaksena (epithet of the supreme Lord, identified with Kṛṣṇa/Viṣṇu)
• Candra (Moon)
• Āditya (Sun)
• Graha (planets)
• Nakṣatra (lunar mansions)
• Tārā (stars)
• Darśa (new-moon observance)
• Paurṇamāsa (full-moon observance)
• Nakṣatrayoga (stellar conjunctions)
• Ṛtu (seasons)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

That the entire structure of cosmic order—celestial bodies and the calendrical-sacrificial rhythms (new-moon/full-moon rites, seasonal cycles, stellar configurations)—derives from the supreme Lord (Viśvaksena). This supports a dharmic outlook in which sacred time and duty are rooted in a divine source.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Anuśāsana Parva, Bhishma continues instructing Arjuna on dharma and devotion. Here he enumerates cosmic elements and ritual time-markers, attributing their origin to Viśvaksena, thereby reinforcing the Lord’s supremacy and the sanctity of the cosmic-ritual order.