Mantra 5

Sukta 109

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

यो नो द्युवे धनमिदं चकार यो अक्षाणां ग्लहनं शेषणं च । स नो देवो हविरिदं जुषाणो गन्धर्वेभिः सधमादं मदेम

IAST Transliteration

yó no dyūvé dhánam idáṁ cakā́ra yó akṣā́ṇāṁ gláhanaṁ śéṣaṇaṁ ca | sá no devó havír idáṁ juṣāṇó gandharvébhiḥ sadhámādaṁ madema ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

He who for our play hath made this wealth, he who (ordains) the dice’s seizure and the leaving of a remnant—may that God, accepting this oblation, with the Gandharvas let us rejoice in common mirth.

Translation

যিনি আমাদের ক্রীড়ার জন্য এই ধন সৃষ্টি করেছেন, যিনি পাশা (অক্ষ)-এর গ্রাস ও অবশিষ্ট রেখে দেওয়ার বিধান করেছেন—সেই দেব এই হবি গ্রহণ করুন; গন্ধর্বদের সঙ্গে আমরা একত্রে সমবেত আনন্দে উল্লসিত হই।

Word by Word

• यः: who (he who)
• यः: कर्तृ (सम्बन्ध-कर्ता; यः = सः)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• नः: of us / our
• नः: सम्बन्ध (genitive: our)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• द्युवे: to heaven / for the sky-world
• द्युवे: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्युव्/द्यौ (प्रातिपदिक; द्युव् = द्यौः/द्युः ‘द्युलोकः’)

• धनम्: wealth
• धनम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: धन (प्रातिपदिक)

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: कर्म (धनम् इदम् = this wealth)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• चकार: made / fashioned
• चकार: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)

• यः: who
• यः: कर्तृ (सम्बन्ध-कर्ता)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अक्षाणाम्: of the dice
• अक्षाणाम्: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: अक्ष (प्रातिपदिक; ‘अक्षः’ = पासक/द्यूत-फलिका, also ‘axle/eye’ contextually dice)

• ग्लहनम्: the gambling / the stake-call (game of chance)
• ग्लहनम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: ग्लह (प्रातिपदिक; द्यूत-सम्बद्धः ‘ग्लहः’ = जुआ/द्यूत-आह्वान/पण)

• शेषणम्: the leaving-as-remnant / the stripping (making one left with a remainder)
• शेषणम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: शेषण (प्रातिपदिक; ‘शेष’ से—शेष-करण/अवशेष-करण, द्यूते ‘शेषण’ = शेष-हरण/उच्छेष)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (निपात)

• सः: he
• सः: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• नः: of us / our
• नः: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• देवः: the god
• देवः: कर्तृ (सः देवः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• हविः: oblation
• हविः: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: हविस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: कर्म (हविः इदम् = this oblation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• जुषाणः: accepting / enjoying
• जुषाणः: कर्तृ-विशेषण (देवः)
• Type: Participle
• Root: जुष् (धातु) → जुषाण (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)

• गन्धर्वेभिः: with the Gandharvas
• गन्धर्वेभिः: सहकारक/करण (सह = with)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गन्धर्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• सधमादम्: common revel / shared feast
• सधमादम्: कर्म (मदेम—what we enjoy)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सधमाद (प्रातिपदिक; ‘सध’=सह, ‘माद’=मद/आनन्द—सह-आनन्द/सह-भोज)

• मदेम: may we rejoice / may we be glad
• मदेम: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: मद् (धातु)

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic/Angirasa attribution (traditional)

Devata: A gambling-controlling ‘deva’ associated with Gandharvas; collective Gandharvas

Chandas: Triṣṭubh-like (probable; verify by scansion)

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"adbhuta","secondary_rasa":"shanta","emotional_arc":"From recognition of a hidden regulator to convivial release in shared rejoicing.","listener_experience":"A sense of being accompanied/held by larger forces; softened fear of loss.","intensity":5}