Sutra 22

Devanagari script

शस्त्रवर्मकवचलोहरथरत्नधान्यपशूनामन्यतममनिर्वाह्यं निर्वाहयतो यथावघुषितो दण्डः पण्यनाशश्च ॥ कZ_०२.२१.२२ ॥

Transliteration

śastravarmakavacaloharatharatnadhānyapaśūnām anyatamam anirvāhyaṃ nirvāhayato yathāvaghuṣito daṇḍaḥ paṇyanāśaś ca

Translation

অনুমতি ছাড়া কেউ অস্ত্র, বর্ম/কবচ, লোহা, রথ, রত্ন, শস্য বা পশুর মধ্যে যেকোনোটি পরিবহন করলে, ঘোষিত অনুযায়ী দণ্ড হবে এবং পণ্য বাজেয়াপ্ত/নষ্ট (অর্থাৎ পণ্যনাশ) হবে।

Word by Word

• शस्त्र: weapons
• Type: Noun
• Root: शस्त्र
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया बहुवचन (समाहार-गणना-प्रयोगः)

• वर्म: armour (mail/coat of defence)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्मन्
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया बहुवचन (समाहार-गणना-प्रयोगः)

• कवच: protective armour
• Type: Noun
• Root: कवच
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया बहुवचन (समाहार-गणना-प्रयोगः)

• लोह: metal/iron
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोह
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया बहुवचन (समाहार-गणना-प्रयोगः)

• रथ: chariots
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया बहुवचन (समाहार-गणना-प्रयोगः)

• रत्न: gems/precious articles
• Type: Noun
• Root: रत्न
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया बहुवचन (समाहार-गणना-प्रयोगः)

• धान्य: grain
• Type: Noun
• Root: धान्य
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया बहुवचन (समाहार-गणना-प्रयोगः)

• पशु: of cattle/livestock
• Type: Noun
• Root: पशु
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी बहुवचन (पशूनाम्)

• अन्यतमम्: any one (of these)
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: अन्यतम
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; विशेषणम् (…पशूनाम् इत्यादि-समूहात्)

• अनिर्वाह्यम्: not deliverable / not possible to supply
• Type: Participle (Gerundive/Kṛtya)
• Root: निर्वह् (निर्+वह्)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; न-प्रत्ययेन निषेधः; ‘निर्वाह्य’ = निर्वहणीय/सम्पादनीय

• निर्वाहयतः: of the person who supplies/fulfils (the delivery)
• Type: Participle (Present Active)
• Root: निर्वह् (निर्+वह्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी एकवचन; वर्तमानकृदन्त (शतृ) ‘निर्वाहयत्’—(तस्य) निर्वाहयतः = ‘of one who is supplying/fulfilling’

• यथा: as / according to
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा
• Form: अव्यय; उपमान/प्रकारार्थे

• अवघुषितः: proclaimed/announced beforehand
• Type: Participle (Past Passive)
• Root: घुष् (अव+घुष्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; ‘अवघुषित’ = घोषित/प्रख्यापित

• दण्डः: the penalty (fine/punishment)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन

• पण्यनाशः: loss/forfeiture of the merchandise
• Type: Noun
• Root: पण्य + नाश
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; पण्यस्य नाशः

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक

Entities Mentioned

• śulkādhyakṣa (implied)
• antapāla (implied)
• traders/caravans

More Details

FAQs

What is the policy intent behind listing weapons, armor, iron, and grain as ‘anirvāhya’ (non-exportable/non-transportable without leave)?

They are strategic commodities affecting security and subsistence; the state restricts movement to prevent arming rivals, hoarding, or destabilizing supply.

Why emphasize ‘yathāvaghuṣita’ (as proclaimed)?

It signals a rule-of-law technique: penalties must be publicly notified to deter violations and reduce discretionary abuse by officials.