Arthashastra — Adhyakshaprachara, Sutra 48
Devanagari script
तत्र साम पञ्चविधं गुणसंकीर्तनं सम्बन्धोपाख्यानम् परस्परोपकारसंदर्शनमायतिप्रदर्शनमात्मोपनिधानमिति ॥ कZ_०२.१०.४८ ॥
Transliteration
tatra sāma pañcavidhaṃ guṇa-saṃkīrtanaṃ sambandhopākhyānam parasparopakāra-saṃdarśanam āyati-pradarśanam ātma-upanidhānam iti
Translation
এতে সাম পাঁচ প্রকার—গুণসংকীর্তন, সম্পর্কোপাখ্যান, পারস্পরিক উপকার প্রদর্শন, ভবিষ্যৎ (আয়তি) প্রদর্শন, এবং আত্মোপনিধান (নিজেকে জামিন/বন্ধক হিসেবে দেওয়া)।
Word by Word
तत्रthere; in that context
तत्र:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
Formअव्यय (देशवाचक)
सामconciliation; pacificatory policy
साम:
TypeNoun
Rootसामन्
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (साम = conciliation)
पञ्चविधम्fivefold; of five kinds
पञ्चविधम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपञ्चविध
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; साम इति पदस्य विशेषणम्
गुणmerits; good qualities
गुण:
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया बहुवचन (समासपूर्वपद)
संकीर्तनम्enumeration/praise of merits
संकीर्तनम्:
TypeNoun (verbal noun)
Rootसंकीर्तन
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; √कीर्त् (स्तुतौ) उपसर्गः सम्; ‘संकीर्तन’ = कथन/प्रशंसा
सम्बन्धrelationship; connection
सम्बन्ध:
TypeNoun
Rootसम्बन्ध
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)
उपाख्यानम्narration; recounting (of a relationship)
उपाख्यानम्:
TypeNoun
Rootउपाख्यान
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; ‘कथन/आख्यान’
परस्परmutual; reciprocal
परस्पर:
TypeIndeclinable (used as adjectival)
Rootपरस्पर
Formअव्यय; समासपूर्वपद (mutual)
उपकारbenefit; assistance; favor
उपकार:
TypeNoun
Rootउपकार
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)
संदर्शनम्showing; demonstrating (mutual benefit)
संदर्शनम्:
TypeNoun (verbal noun)
Rootसंदर्शन
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; √दृश् (दर्शने) उपसर्गः सम्; ‘प्रदर्शन’
आयतिthe future; future consequence
आयति:
TypeNoun
Rootआयति
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)
प्रदर्शनम्indicating; pointing out (future results)
प्रदर्शनम्:
TypeNoun (verbal noun)
Rootप्रदर्शन
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; √दृश् उपसर्गः प्र; ‘प्रदर्शन’
आत्मself; one’s own person/side
आत्म:
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)
उपनिधानम्placing/entrusting oneself; self-commitment
उपनिधानम्:
TypeNoun (verbal noun)
Rootउपनिधान
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; √धा (धारणे/निधाने) उपसर्गः उप; ‘निधान’ = placing/entrusting
इतिthus; so (end-quote marker)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
Formअव्यय; उक्तिसमाप्त्यर्थक
FAQs
Ātmopanidhāna—offering oneself (or one’s stake) as a guarantee to make promises believable.
It frames compliance as rational by highlighting future payoffs or future harms avoided, shaping expectations and incentives.