Arthashastra — Adhyakshaprachara, Sutra 41

Devanagari script

अप्याधौ परिदाने वा भवतस्ताव् उपग्रहौ ॥ कZ_०२.१०.४१च्द् ॥

Transliteration

apy ādhau paridāne vā bhavatas tāv upagrahau

Translation

—তখন অগ্রিম প্রদান (আধৌ) বা অনুদান/প্রদান (পরিদান)ও সমর্থন আদায়ের উপায়/প্রলোভন (উপগ্রহ) হয়ে যায়।

Word by Word

• अपि: also; even
• Type: Particle
• Root: अपि
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय/सम्भावना/अपवादार्थे (contextually: ‘even/also’).

• आधौ: in the case of a mortgage/pledge
• Type: Noun
• Root: आधि
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; सप्तमी एकवचन (आधौ = आधौ/आधौ इति लोके); ‘आधि’ = pledge/mortgage; locative: ‘in/under mortgage’.

• परिदाने: in (the act/time of) handing over; upon delivery/transfer
• Type: Noun
• Root: परिदान
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी एकवचन; ‘परिदान’ = handing over/transfer/delivery; locative: ‘in/at the time of handing over’.

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: अव्यय; विकल्पार्थक (disjunctive) ‘or’.

• भवतः: of you; your
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: भवत्
• Form: सर्वनाम-शब्द (भवत्); षष्ठी एकवचन (honorific 2nd person); ‘of you/your’.

• तौ: those two
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: सर्वनाम; पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया द्विवचन; ‘those two’ (subject or object depending on construction).

• उपग्रहौ: the two attachments/encumbrances (two kinds of seizure/holding)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपग्रह
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा द्विवचन; ‘two upagrahas’.

Entities Mentioned

• upagraha (inducement)
• ādhi (advance)
• paridāna (grant)

More Details

FAQs

What is the difference between honoring merit and using upagraha?

Honor signals recognition of merit; upagraha is a tactical material measure (advance/grant) used to secure cooperation—ideally aligned with merit to avoid corruption.