Sutra 23
Devanagari script
प्रत्याख्यानमुपालम्भः प्रतिषेधोऽथ चोदना ॥ कZ_०२.१०.२३च्द् ॥
Transliteration
pratyākhyānam upālambhaḥ pratiṣedho 'tha codanā
Translation
প্রত্যাখ্যান/অস্বীকার, উপালম্ভ/তিরস্কার, প্রতিষেধ/নিষেধ এবং চোদনা/আদেশমূলক নির্দেশ—(এগুলিও ব্যবহৃত হয়)।
Word by Word
प्रत्याख्यानम्rejection; formal denial/refusal
प्रत्याख्यानम्:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रति-आ-√ख्या (ख्याने)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचनम्; कृत्-प्रत्ययान्त (ल्युट्/अन) भाववाचक-संज्ञा
उपालम्भःreproach; censure; reproof
उपालम्भः:
TypeNoun
Rootउप-आ-√लभ् (लभ् प्राप्तौ/ग्रहणे)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचनम्; घञ्-प्रत्ययान्त भाववाचक
प्रतिषेधःprohibition; forbidding
प्रतिषेधः:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रति-√षिध् (षेधे)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचनम्; घञ्-प्रत्ययान्त भाववाचक
अथand then; also; further
अथ:
TypeParticle
Rootअथ
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय/अनन्तरार्थक
चोदनाincitement; prompting; instruction/command
चोदना:
TypeNoun
Root√चुद् (चोदने)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचनम्; युच्/अन-प्रत्ययान्त (भाववाचक)
FAQs
They standardize how the state refuses, rebukes, forbids, or commands—reducing arbitrariness and improving enforceability.