Shloka 4

Sadācāra–Varṇa-lakṣaṇa and Prātaḥkṛtya

Right Conduct, Social Typologies, and Morning Purification

Devanagari script

शूद्र ब्राह्मण इत्युक्तः स्वयमेव हि कर्षकः । असूयालुः परद्रो ही चंडालद्विज उच्यते

Transliteration

śūdra brāhmaṇa ityuktaḥ svayameva hi karṣakaḥ | asūyāluḥ paradro hī caṃḍāladvija ucyate

Translation

যি ব্ৰাহ্মণে শূদ্ৰৰ দৰে আচৰণ কৰে, সি প্ৰকৃততে কেৱল কৃষকহে। আৰু যি দ্বিজ আনৰ প্ৰতি অসূয়া আৰু বৈৰভাব পোষণ কৰে, সি দ্বিজসকলৰ মাজত চাণ্ডাল বুলি কোৱা হয়।

Word by Word

• śūdraḥ: a Śūdra
• śūdraḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śūdra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Prathamā vibhakti (Nominative/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन)

• brāhmaṇaḥ: a Brāhmaṇa
• brāhmaṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: brāhmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• iti: thus
• iti: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; quotation particle (iti—इति, end-quote marker)

• uktaḥ: is called/said
• uktaḥ: Karma (कर्म/Predicate complement)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vac (धातु) + kta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: Kṛdanta; Bhūtakāla-kṛdanta (past passive participle/क्त), Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; passive sense ‘said/called’

• svayam: by oneself
• svayam: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: svayam (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; adverb (स्वयम्)

• eva: indeed/only
• eva: Nipāta (निपात/Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; emphatic particle (एव)

• hi: indeed/for
• hi: Nipāta (निपात/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; particle (हि) indicating emphasis/reason

• karṣakaḥ: a farmer
• karṣakaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: karṣaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• asūyāluḥ: one who is envious
• asūyāluḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: asūyālu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; adjective used substantively

• paradraḥ: one who is hostile to others
• paradraḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: paradra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; adjective used substantively

• hi: indeed
• hi: Nipāta (निपात/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; particle (हि)

• caṃḍāladvijaḥ: a ‘caṇḍāla-like’ twice-born
• caṃḍāladvijaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: caṃḍāla (प्रातिपदिक) + dvija (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; karmadhāraya ‘dvija who is (like) a caṇḍāla’

• ucyate: is called
• ucyate: Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vac (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ lakāra (Present/लट्), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd/प्रथमपुरुष), Ekavacana; Ātmanepada passive usage (भावे/कर्मणि) ‘is called’

Speaker

Suta Goswami (narrating Shiva-dharma teachings to the sages at Naimisharanya)

Shaiva Theology

Tattva Level: pasha

Shiva Form: Bhairava

Characters & Entities

• Shiva

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in the Shiva Purana?

It teaches that spiritual stature is measured by conduct and inner purity, not merely by social designation; envy and harming others are forms of bondage (pāśa) that obstruct Shiva-bhakti and liberation.

How does this verse relate to the worship of the Linga or Saguna Shiva?

Linga-worship is meant to purify the heart; approaching Saguna Shiva with envy and hostility contradicts the aim of worship, while humility and non-harm make devotion fruitful and lead toward grace.

What ritualistic or meditative practice is suggested here?

Practice ahimsa and removal of asūyā (envy) alongside daily Shiva-japa (e.g., Panchakshara ‘Om Namaḥ Śivāya’) and simple Linga-pūjā, making ethical restraint the core discipline.