Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 60, Shloka 64

कुम्भकर्णविबोधनम्

The Awakening of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

निद्राविशदनेत्रस्तुकलुषीकृतलोचनः ।चारयन् सर्वतोदृष्टिंतान् ददर्शनिशाचरान् ।।।।

Transliteration

nidrā-viśada-netras tu kaluṣīkṛta-locanaḥ | cārayan sarvato dṛṣṭiṃ tān dadarśa niśācarān ||

Translation

নিদ্ৰাৰ মলিনতাৰে তেওঁৰ চকু মন্দ আৰু দৃষ্টি কলুষিত আছিল; তেওঁ চাৰিওফালে দৃষ্টি ঘুৰাই সেই নিশাচৰসকলক দেখিলে।

Word by Word

• निद्राविशदनेत्रः: having eyes clear with sleep (sleepy-eyed)
• निद्राविशदनेत्रः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निद्रा + विशद + नेत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; समासः—निद्रया विशदानि नेत्राणि यस्य (तत्पुरुष-विशेषण)

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (particle), विरोध/विशेषार्थे

• कलुषीकृतलोचनः: with eyes made dull/blurred
• कलुषीकृतलोचनः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कलुषीकृत + लोचन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; समासः—कलुषीकृते लोचने यस्य (तत्पुरुष-विशेषण)

• चारयन्: directing/turning (his gaze)
• चारयन्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: चर् (धातु) + शतृ (कृदन्त)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; क्रियाविशेषणभावे—"while directing"

• सर्वतः: on all sides
• सर्वतः: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सर्वतः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• दृष्टिम्: gaze, sight
• दृष्टिम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दृष्टि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• तान्: those
• तान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• ददर्श: saw
• ददर्श: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect/परोक्षभूत), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• निशाचरान्: night-rangers (Rakshasas)
• निशाचरान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निशाचर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन

Context

With sleepy eyes casting his glance at the night rangers looked at all of them.

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa
• Niśācaras (rākṣasas)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Alertness and situational awareness are implied as a leader’s duty—one must quickly assess circumstances before acting.

What is the narrative situation?

Kumbhakarṇa, newly awakened, looks around and notices the gathered rākṣasas.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Readiness to perceive reality clearly (pramāda-rahitatā), even immediately after waking.