Valmiki Ramayana 2.40.30: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 40, Shloka 30

प्रयाणवर्णनम्

Departure from Ayodhya; Civic Lament and the Chariot’s Urgency

Devanagari script

पिता हि राजा काकुत्स्थः श्रीमान् सन्नस्तदाऽभवत्।परिपूर्णः शशी काले ग्रहेणोपप्लुतो यथा।।।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.40.30

Transliteration

pitā hi rājā kākutsthaḥ śrīmān sannaḥ tadā’bhavat | paripūrṇaḥ śaśī kāle graheṇopapluto yathā ||

Translation

সেই সময়ত কাকুৎস্থ বংশৰ শ্ৰীমান ৰজা পিতাও, গ্ৰহণকালত ৰাহুৰ গ্ৰাসত পৰি পূৰ্ণচন্দ্ৰ যেন, তেজহীন হৈ পৰিল।

Ask anything about this verse...Ask

Word by Word

• pitā: father
• pitā: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)

• hi: indeed
• hi: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), अव्यय; emphasis/indeed

• rājā: king
• rājā: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• kākutsthaḥ: Kakutstha (of Kakutstha lineage)
• kākutsthaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kākutstha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; विशेष्य-नाम (proper epithet)

• śrīmān: prosperous, illustrious
• śrīmān: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śrīmat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifier of rājā)

• sannaḥ: depressed, sunk
• sannaḥ: Karta-samānādhikaraṇa (कर्तृसमानााधिकरण/predicative)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sad (धातु) + na (क्त/कृदन्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; अर्थः ‘सङ्कुचित/अवसन्न’

• tadā: then
• tadā: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb)

• abhavat: became
• abhavat: Kriyā (क्रिया/verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect/Past), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन

• paripūrṇaḥ: completely full
• paripūrṇaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pari + pūrṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (of śaśī)

• śaśī: moon
• śaśī: Upamāna (उपमान/standard of comparison)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śaśin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• kāle: at the time
• kāle: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/location-time)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; ‘समये’

• graheṇa: by the graha (Rahu)
• graheṇa: Karaṇa (करण/instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: graha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; राहु-ग्रहः (context)

• upaplutaḥ: eclipsed, overwhelmed
• upaplutaḥ: Upamāna-viśeṣaṇa (उपमान-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: upa + plut (धातु) + ta (क्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘आक्रान्त/ग्रस्त’

• yathā: as, like
• yathā: Upamā (उपमा/comparison marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमानवाचक-अव्यय (comparative particle)

Context

The king born in the race of Kakutstha, though bright, looked dull then like the full Moon eclipsed (by Rahu).

Characters & Entities

• Daśaratha
• Kakutstha lineage
• graha (Rāhu, implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse points to the tension between satya (truthfulness to vows) and personal well-being: the king’s radiance is eclipsed by the consequences of his binding promises.

What is the narrative situation?

As Rāma’s exile becomes real, Daśaratha’s vitality collapses; the narrator depicts his condition through the image of an eclipsed full moon.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Implicitly, the gravity of kingship and vow-bound duty—Daśaratha bears the weight of his own commitment even as it destroys his peace.