Shloka 16

जटायुस्संवादः — Encounter with Jaṭāyu and the Genealogy of Beings

Aranyakanda 14

Devanagari script

दनुस्त्वजनयत्पुत्रमश्वग्रीवमरिन्दम।।3.14.16।।नरकं कालकंचैव कालिकापि व्यजायत।

Transliteration

danus tv ajanayat putram aśvagrīvam arindama | narakaṃ kālakaṃ caiva kālikāpi vyajāyata ||

Translation

হে অৰিন্দম! দনুৱে অশ্বগ্ৰীৱ (হয়গ্ৰীৱ) নামৰ পুত্ৰক জন্ম দিলে; আৰু কালিকাইও নৰক আৰু কালক—উভয়কে জন্ম দিলে।

Word by Word

• दनुः: Danu
• दनुः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दनु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• तु: indeed/but
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), विरोध/विशेषार्थक (but/indeed)

• अजनयत्: gave birth to/produced
• अजनयत्: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जन् (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect/Past), परस्मैपद (Parasmaipada), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular)

• पुत्रम्: a son
• पुत्रम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• अश्वग्रीवम्: Ashvagriva (Horse-necked one)
• अश्वग्रीवम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्व + ग्रीव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (Tatpurusha; अश्वस्य ग्रीवा यस्य/अश्वग्रीवः), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• अरिन्दम: subduer of enemies
• अरिन्दम: Visheshana (विशेषण/Epithet of अश्वग्रीवम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अरि + दम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (Tatpurusha; अरिणां दमः/दमनः), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular), सम्बोधनार्थे अपि प्रयुज्यते (also used as epithet/vocative sense)

• नरकम्: Naraka
• नरकम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नरक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• कालकम्: Kalaka
• कालकम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कालक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• एव: indeed/also
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक-अव्यय (particle of emphasis)

• कालिका: Kalika
• कालिका: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कालिका (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• अपि: also
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Addition)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/अप्यर्थक-अव्यय (also/even)

• व्यजायत: gave birth to
• व्यजायत: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जन् (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect/Past), आत्मनेपद (Atmanepada), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular)

Context

O subduer of enemies, to Danu was born Hayagriva and to Kalika, Naraka and Kalaka.

Characters & Entities

• Danu
• Kālikā
• Rāma

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

By cataloging lineages that later intersect with moral conflict, the text underscores that dharma is not determined by birth alone; ethical alignment (satya and right conduct) is what ultimately defines nobility.

What is the narrative situation?

Jaṭāyu completes another segment of the genealogy, naming offspring born to Danu and Kālikā.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Clarity and precision in teaching—presenting names and relations carefully to preserve traditional understanding.