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Shloka 20

Brahmin Conduct, Purificatory Baths, and the Garuḍa–Nectar Episode

Illustrative Narrative

तथापि ब्राह्मणश्चैव न हंतव्यः कदाचन । एनं हत्वा द्विजश्रेष्ठ ब्रह्महा पुरुषो भवेत्

tathāpi brāhmaṇaścaiva na haṃtavyaḥ kadācana | enaṃ hatvā dvijaśreṣṭha brahmahā puruṣo bhavet

তথাপি ব্ৰাহ্মণক কেতিয়াও হত্যা কৰিব নালাগে। হে দ্বিজশ্ৰেষ্ঠ, তাক হত্যা কৰিলে মানুহ ব্ৰহ্মহা—ব্ৰাহ্মণ-হন্তা—হৈ পৰে।

तथाthus
तथा:
Sambandha (Adverbial/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formप्रकारार्थक-अव्यय (adverb: ‘thus/so’)
अपिeven so
अपि:
Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formअप्यर्थक-अव्यय (concessive/also: ‘even/although’)
ब्राह्मणःa Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
and
:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
एवindeed
एव:
Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारणार्थक-अव्यय (emphasis)
not
:
Sambandha (Negation/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय (negation)
हन्तव्यःto be killed
हन्तव्यः:
Predicate (Kriyā/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootहन् (धातु)
Formकृदन्त—तव्यत् (gerundive/obligatory), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; अर्थः ‘हन्तव्य’ = ‘to be killed/should be killed’ (here with न: ‘must not be killed’)
कदाचनever
कदाचन:
Sambandha (Adverbial/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकदाचन (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: ‘ever/at any time’)
एनम्him
एनम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम
हत्वाhaving killed
हत्वा:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Adverbial participle/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootहन् (धातु)
Formकृदन्त—क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव (indeclinable); पूर्वकालिक-क्रिया (having killed)
द्विजश्रेष्ठO best of the twice-born
द्विजश्रेष्ठ:
Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज (प्रातिपदिक) + श्रेष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन; समासः—कर्मधारय
ब्रह्महाa slayer of a Brahmin
ब्रह्महा:
Predicate (Noun complement/विधेय)
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक) + हन् (धातु)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (object-determinative: ‘ब्रह्म हन्ति’)
पुरुषःa man
पुरुषः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
भवेत्would become
भवेत्:
Predicate (Kriyā/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्

Unspecified (narrative voice within the dialogue context of the chapter)

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Sandhi Resolution Notes: तथा अपि → तथापि; ब्राह्मणः च एव → ब्राह्मणश्चैव

FAQs

It teaches an absolute prohibition against killing a brāhmaṇa and warns that doing so incurs the grave sin of brahmahatyā (killing a brāhmaṇa).

Not directly. This śloka is primarily a dharma-ethical injunction about non-violence and the severe consequence of brahmahatyā.

“Brahmahā” means “slayer of a brāhmaṇa,” indicating a person who has committed brahmahatyā, traditionally treated as one of the most serious transgressions in dharma literature.