Shloka 19

Adhyaya 65 — Svarocis Enjoys on the Mountain; A Debate on Marital Fidelity and Desire

Sanskrit

सर्वसत्त्वृतज्ञोऽसौ स्वरोचिरपराजितः ।

निशम्य लज्जितो दध्यौ सत्यमेव हि नानृतम् ॥

Transliteration

sarvasattvarutajño 'sau svarociraparājitaḥ |

niśamya lajjito dadhyau satyam eva hi nānṛtam ||

Translation

তেওঁ—যি সকলো প্ৰাণীৰ ধ্বনি জানিছিল—(তথাপি) স্বৰোচীৰ দ্বাৰা পৰাভূত হৈ, সেয়া শুনি লজ্জিত হ’ল আৰু চিন্তা কৰিলে—‘নিশ্চয় ই সত্য, মিছা নহয়।’

Word by Word

• sarva-sattva-ruta-jñaḥ: knower of the sounds of all creatures
• sarva-sattva-ruta-jñaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक) + sattva (प्रातिपदिक) + ruta (प्रातिपदिक) + jña (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुष: सर्वेषां सत्त्वानां रुतं (स्वरं) जानाति इति = 'knower of the cries/voices of all beings'

• asau: he
• asau: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: adas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• sva-rocira-parājitaḥ: overcome by his own desire
• sva-rocira-parājitaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sva (प्रातिपदिक) + rocira (प्रातिपदिक) + parājita (प्रातिपदिक; para-√ji (जि धातु) से क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: स्वस्य रोचिरेण (स्व-रुच्या) पराजितः = 'defeated by his own liking/attraction'

• niśamya: having heard
• niśamya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ni-√śam (शम् धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (gerund/absolutive): 'having heard/considered'

• lajjitaḥ: ashamed
• lajjitaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: lajjita (प्रातिपदिक; √lajj (लज्ज् धातु) से क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (PPP)

• dadhyau: reflected/pondered
• dadhyau: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dhyai (ध्यै धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन

• satyam: truth
• satyam: Karma (कर्म/content)
• Type: Noun
• Root: satya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• eva: only/indeed
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-अव्यय

• hi: indeed
• hi: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle)

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय

• anṛtam: falsehood
• anṛtam: Karma (कर्म/content)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anṛta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

Speakers

• Narrative voice describing a character’s internal realization (exact identities not fully recoverable from provided excerpt alone)

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Truth (satya)
• Moral awakening
• Shame as conscience

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Moral correction begins when one can still feel shame and accept truth. The verse frames conscience as a cognitive event: hearing a rebuke, reflecting, and assenting to satya.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Not pañcalakṣaṇa; it is ethical narrative (vaṃśānucarita-style storytelling may surround it, but this line itself is nīti-dharma).

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Knowing all creatures’ cries’ suggests heightened sensitivity; yet being ‘overcome’ indicates that knowledge without self-mastery fails. Satya is presented as the restoring principle.