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Shloka 163

Adhyāya 262: Śabda-brahman, Para-brahman, and the Ethics of Tyāga

Kapila–Syūmaraśmi Saṃvāda

ब्रह्मैव वर्तते लोके नैव कर्तव्यतां पुन: । जो करने योग्य कर्मोको अपना कर्तव्य समझता है और उसका पालन न होनेपर भय मानता है

brahmaiva vartate loke naiva kartavyatāṃ punaḥ |

এই জগতত ব্ৰহ্মই প্ৰবৃত্ত; সেয়ে ব্ৰহ্মৰ বাহিৰে পৃথক কোনো বাধ্য ‘কৰ্তব্য’ নাই। যি কৰণীয় কৰ্মক নিজৰ কৰ্তব্য বুলি ধৰে আৰু সেয়া পালন নোহোৱাত ভয় পায়; যাৰ দৃষ্টিত ঋত্বিক, হৱিষ্য, মন্ত্ৰ আৰু অগ্নি—সকলো ব্ৰহ্মই; আৰু যি কোনো কৰ্তব্যক ‘মোৰ’ বুলি গ্ৰহণ নকৰে—কৰ্তৃত্বাভিমানৰহিত—সেই-ই সত্য ব্ৰাহ্মণ।

ब्रह्मBrahman (the Absolute)
ब्रह्म:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
वर्ततेexists/prevails/abides
वर्तते:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत् (वर्तते)
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
लोकेin the world
लोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/at all
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
कर्तव्यताम्the state/idea of duty (doership-as-duty)
कर्तव्यताम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्तव्यता
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
पुनःagain/further
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः

चुलाधार उवाच

चुलाधार (Cūlādhāra)
ब्रह्म (Brahman)
ऋत्विक् (ṛtvij)
हविष्य (haviṣ)
मन्त्र (mantra)
अग्नि (Agni / sacrificial fire)
ब्राह्मण (brāhmaṇa)

Educational Q&A

Seeing Brahman as the sole reality behind all actions and ritual elements dissolves the ego of doership and possessive duty; true brāhmaṇa-hood is defined by this non-appropriating wisdom rather than by mere ritual performance.

Cūlādhāra is instructing his interlocutor in Śānti Parva by redefining dharma and brahminhood: he shifts the focus from fear-driven obligation and external ritual identity to inner realization—everything involved in sacrifice is Brahman, and one should act without the conceit ‘I am the doer’ or ‘this duty is mine’.