Shloka 29

Sukesha's Boon & Twelve Dharmas — Sukesha’s Boon, the Twelve Dharmas of Beings, and the Cosmography of the Seven Dvipas with the Twenty-One Hells

Devanagari script

सुकेशिरुवाच भवद्भिरुक्ता ये धर्माः शाश्वता द्वादशाव्ययाः तत्र ये मानवा धर्मास्तान् भूयो वक्तुमर्हथ

Transliteration

sukeśiruvāca bhavadbhiruktā ye dharmāḥ śāśvatā dvādaśāvyayāḥ tatra ye mānavā dharmāstān bhūyo vaktumarhatha

Translation

قال سوكيشي: إن الدَّرمات التي ذكرتموها أزلية—اثنتا عشرة وغير فانية. فمِن بينها، تفضّلوا بإعادة القول (بتفصيل) في الدَّرمات التي تخصّ البشر.

Word by Word

• सुकेशिः: Sukeśi
• सुकेशिः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुकेशि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Singular; proper noun)

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (परोक्शभूत/Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद (3rd person singular, Perfect)

• भवद्भिः: by you (hon.)
• भवद्भिः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भवत् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Masculine, Instrumental, Plural; honorific pronoun)

• उक्ताः: spoken/told
• उक्ताः: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle, क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Masculine, Nom, Plural; agreeing with धर्माः)

• ये: which
• ये: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Plural; relative pronoun)

• धर्माः: dharmas
• धर्माः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Plural)

• शाश्वताः: eternal
• शाश्वताः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शाश्वत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Plural; qualifying धर्माः)

• द्वादश: twelve
• द्वादश: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्वादश (संख्याशब्द-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: संख्या-विशेषण, प्रथमा बहुवचनार्थे (twelve; qualifying धर्माः)

• अव्ययाः: imperishable
• अव्ययाः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अव्यय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Plural; qualifying धर्माः)

• तत्र: therein/among them
• तत्र: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: देश/प्रकरणवाचक अव्यय (adverb: there/therein)

• ये: which
• ये: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Plural; relative pronoun)

• मानवाः: humans
• मानवाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मानव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Plural)

• धर्माः: dharmas
• धर्माः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Plural)

• तान्: those
• तान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Masculine, Accusative, Plural; pronoun)

• भूयः: again/further
• भूयः: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: भूयस्/भूयः (अव्यय)
• Form: पुनरर्थक/अधिक्यवाचक अव्यय (adverb: again/further)

• वक्तुम्: to tell
• वक्तुम्: Prayojana (प्रयोजन/infinitive complement)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु) + तुमुन् (कृदन्त)
• Form: तुमुनन्त (infinitive), अव्ययभाव (to speak)

• अर्हथ: you ought/are fit
• अर्हथ: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अर्ह् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (वर्तमान), मध्यमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद (2nd person plural, Present)

Speakers

• Sukeśi (questioner) addressing the Ṛṣis (implied by next verse)

Key Themes

• Dharma instruction
• Human ethical duties
• Dialogic pedagogy (question-answer)

Verse Rasa (Emotional Flavour)

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse frames dharma as both universal (eternal) and particular (needing a focused exposition for humans). It also models the Purāṇic method: inquiry (praśna) is the gateway to clarified ethical teaching.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana?

Falls under Vamśānucarita/Ācāra-oriented Purāṇic instruction rather than pure genealogy: it is didactic dharma material embedded in narrative dialogue (a common Purāṇic technique).

What is the symbolic significance?

Sukeśi’s request signals a hierarchy of applicability: while dharma permeates all yonis, human birth is treated as uniquely suited for conscious, articulated ethical practice requiring explicit teaching.