Skanda Purana — Nagara Khanda, Shloka 13

Devanagari script

उत्साहाश्च विवाहाश्च सावनेन भवंति च । कुसीदाद्याश्च ये केचिद्व्यवहाराश्च वृत्तिजाः

Transliteration

utsāhāśca vivāhāśca sāvanena bhavaṃti ca | kusīdādyāśca ye kecidvyavahārāśca vṛttijāḥ

Translation

وتُرتَّب الأعمال الاحتفالية والزيجات أيضًا بحسب حساب السافانا. وكذلك شتّى المعاملات—كالقروض ذات الفائدة وسائر التعاملات المتعلّقة بالمعاش—تجري على هذا النهج.

Word by Word

• उत्साहाः: festivities / exertions
• उत्साहाः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उत्साह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)

• विवाहाः: marriages
• विवाहाः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विवाह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)

• सावनेन: by the sāvana (civil) measure
• सावनेन: Karana (Instrument/Standard/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सावन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), एकवचन

• भवन्ति: occur / take place
• भवन्ति: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)

• कुसीदाद्याः: usury and the like
• कुसीदाद्याः: Visheshana (Adjectival/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कुसीद + आदि (प्रातिपदिके)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः (कुसीदः आदिः येषाम्)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)

• ये: which
• ये: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन; सम्बन्ध-सर्वनाम

• केचित्: some
• केचित्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: किम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन; अनिश्चितार्थक-सर्वनाम (indefinite pronoun)

• व्यवहाराः: transactions / legal dealings
• व्यवहाराः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्यवहार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)

• वृत्तिजाः: arising from livelihood/occupation
• वृत्तिजाः: Visheshana (Adjectival/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वृत्ति + ज (प्रातिपदिक; वृत्ति + ज)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः (वृत्तेः जाताः)

Speaker

Narrative voice (Purāṇic exposition; speaker not explicit in this verse)

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A town scene: a wedding procession and a festival crowd move by a temple street; nearby, merchants record loans and transactions on ledgers—overhead, a sun-disc marks sāvana timekeeping.

Characters & Entities

• Sāvana-māna

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Dharma extends into social life: timekeeping guides not only rituals but also marriages and ethical worldly dealings.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

The verse sits within the Hāṭakeśvara-kṣetra-māhātmya context, but it primarily teaches about calendrical standards rather than a single shrine.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

No direct rite is prescribed; it notes that marriages and dealings should be fixed according to sāvana time-count.