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Skanda Purana — Nagara Khanda, Shloka 34

Devanagari script

गुरुदेवातिथिभ्यश्च स्वभृत्येभ्यो विशेषतः । अदत्त्वा भोजनं यैस्तु कृतं तेऽत्र व्यवस्थिताः

Transliteration

gurudevātithibhyaśca svabhṛtyebhyo viśeṣataḥ | adattvā bhojanaṃ yaistu kṛtaṃ te'tra vyavasthitāḥ

Translation

من أكل لنفسه دون أن يقدّم الطعام للغورو، وللآلهة، وللضيف، ولا سيّما لمَن يعولهم وخَدَمه—فأولئك مُقيمون هنا ليتجرّعوا العذاب.

Word by Word
गुरुदेवातिथिभ्यःto teachers, gods, and guests
गुरुदेवातिथिभ्यः:
Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु (प्रातिपदिक) + देव (प्रातिपदिक) + अतिथि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (सम्प्रदान), बहुवचन — Masculine, Dative, Plural; ‘to gurus, gods, and guests’
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)
स्वभृत्येभ्यःto one’s own servants
स्वभृत्येभ्यः:
Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootस्व (प्रातिपदिक) + भृत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (सम्प्रदान), बहुवचन — Masculine, Dative, Plural
विशेषतःespecially
विशेषतः:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविशेषतः (अव्यय)
Formप्रकार/विशेषवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: ‘especially’)
अदत्त्वाwithout giving
अदत्त्वा:
Purvakala (Prior action/पूर्वकाल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन + √दा (धातु) → अदत्त्वा (कृदन्त, त्वा-प्रत्यय)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्यय (gerund), निषेधपूर्वक — Absolutive/gerund: ‘without giving’
भोजनम्food, meal
भोजनम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootभोजन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन — Neuter, Accusative, Singular
यैःby whom
यैः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (सामान्यतः), तृतीया (करण), बहुवचन — Masculine, Instrumental, Plural; relative pronoun
तुbut, indeed
तु:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formविरोध/अवधारणार्थक-अव्यय (particle: ‘but/indeed’)
कृतम्done, committed
कृतम्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeAdjective
Root√कृ (धातु) → कृत (कृदन्त, क्त-प्रत्यय)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोगे — Past passive participle; Neuter, Singular
तेthey
ते:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), बहुवचन — Masculine, Nominative, Plural
अत्रhere
अत्र:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of place)
व्यवस्थिताःare stationed/placed (here)
व्यवस्थिताः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootवि + अव + √स्था (धातु) → व्यवस्थित (कृदन्त, क्त-प्रत्यय)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘स्थिताः’ इत्यर्थे — Past participle; Masculine, Nominative, Plural
Speaker

Skanda (deduced from Nāgarakhaṇḍa Tīrthamāhātmya narrative style)

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A moral contrast tableau: a householder eats alone while guru, guests, and servants stand unfed; the scene dissolves into a punitive underworld station where such selfish eaters are held.

Characters & Entities
G
Guru
D
Devas
A
Atithi (guest)
S
Servants/Dependents

FAQs

Food is sacred; withholding nourishment from guru, guests, and dependents violates dharma and leads to painful karmic consequences.

No single tīrtha is named in this verse; it appears within a broader Tīrthamāhātmya discourse on dharma and its fruits.

The implied prescription is anna-dāna—feeding guru, guests, and dependents before eating oneself.

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