मित्रकार्ये विनिर्वृत्ते म्रियमाणं निरीक्षते । यो मित्रं जीवितं तस्य धिगस्निग्धं दुरात्मनः
mitrakārye vinirvṛtte mriyamāṇaṃ nirīkṣate | yo mitraṃ jīvitaṃ tasya dhigasnigdhaṃ durātmanaḥ
العار لحياة ذلك الشخص القاسي القلب والشرير، الذي يكتفي بمراقبة صديقه وهو يحتضر بعد أن قضى حاجته منه!
Nāḍījaṅgha (continuing his speech)
Scene: A speaker condemns a callous person who, after gaining help, watches a friend die; the scene is charged with moral outrage and compassion, with the dying friend in the background and the indifferent figure contrasted against the righteous speaker.
Mitra-dharma demands loyalty beyond convenience; abandoning a friend at the edge of death is condemned as adharma.
None; this is an ethical maxim within the narrative.
None; the verse prescribes moral duty rather than a formal ritual.