Skanda Purana — Mahesvara Khanda, Shloka 60

Devanagari script

इत्येतैश्च नराः पापैरुपपातकिनः स्मृताः । युक्तास्तदुनकैः पापैः पापिनस्तान्निबोध मे

Transliteration

ityetaiśca narāḥ pāpairupapātakinaḥ smṛtāḥ | yuktāstadunakaiḥ pāpaiḥ pāpinastānnibodha me

Translation

وهكذا، بهذه الآثام يُعرَف الناس بأنهم «أوباباتاكين» (مرتكبو الذنوب الثانوية). فاعلم مني أن من اقترن بمثل هذه الذنوب وما شابهها يُعَدّ آثمًا.

Word by Word

• इति: thus
• इति: Sambandha (Discourse marker/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: उद्धरण/समाप्त्यर्थक-अव्यय (quotative particle)

• एतैः: by these
• एतैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), बहुवचन; करण/सहकारक-प्रयोगे

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• नराः: men/people
• नराः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन

• पापैः: by sins
• पापैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), बहुवचन; करणत्वे (by sins)

• उपपातकिनः: upapātaka-sinners (minor offenders)
• उपपातकिनः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपपातक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; उपपातक = minor-sin offender

• स्मृताः: are regarded (as)
• स्मृताः: Kriya (Predicative/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √स्मृ (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोगे ‘are considered/are said’

• युक्ताः: endowed/associated
• युक्ताः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √युज् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; ‘युक्त’ = endowed/connected

• तदुनकैः: by those lesser (subsidiary)
• तदुनकैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + ऊनक (प्रातिपदिक; ऊन ‘deficient’ + क)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषसमासः (तैः ऊनकैः = those lesser/secondary)

• पापैः: sins
• पापैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), बहुवचन

• पापिनः: sinners
• पापिनः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पापिन् (प्रातिपदिक; पाप + इन्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन

• तान्: them
• तान्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन

• निबोध: know/understand
• निबोध: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि + √बुध् (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (imperative), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd), एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• मे: to me / from me
• मे: Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (6th) / चतुर्थी (4th) एकवचन-रूपम् (enclitic); अत्र संबोधनार्थे ‘to/for me’

Speaker

Sūta (Lomaharṣaṇa) to the sages (deduced)

Skanda Dialogue

Listener: Interlocutor within Kaumārikākhaṇḍa

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A closing teaching scene: the instructor raises a hand in conclusion; disciples note ‘upapātaka’ on palm-leaf; symbolic scales show gradations of sin; a path to a temple/tīrtha in the distance suggests purification before pilgrimage.

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Actions have moral classifications; repeated engagement in such acts marks one as a doer of secondary sins (upapātaka).

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

No tīrtha is mentioned; it is a concluding classificatory statement.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

None directly; it frames the preceding list as upapātaka and urges discernment.