Skanda Purana — Kashi Khanda, Shloka 93

Devanagari script

वैशाखस्य चतुर्दश्यामेकदा सा तु माधवी । रात्रौ जागरणं कृत्वा दिवोपवसान्विता

Transliteration

vaiśākhasya caturdaśyāmekadā sā tu mādhavī | rātrau jāgaraṇaṃ kṛtvā divopavasānvitā

Translation

وذات مرة، في اليوم القمري الرابع عشر من شهر فَيْشَاكْهَا، أقامت مَادهافِي سهرًا تعبّديًا طوال الليل، بعد أن صامت نهارًا.

Word by Word

• वैशाखस्य: of Vaiśākha (month)
• वैशाखस्य: Sambandha (Genitive relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैशाख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), एकवचन

• चतुर्दश्याम्: on the fourteenth (lunar day)
• चतुर्दश्याम्: Adhikaraṇa (Time-locative/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चतुर्दशी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन

• एकदा: once
• एकदा: Kāla (Temporal adjunct/काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एकदा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक अव्यय/adverb of time

• सा: she
• सा: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• तु: but, indeed
• तु: Sambandha/Discourse particle (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात/particle (contrast/emphasis)

• माधवी: Mādhavī (name)
• माधवी: Karta (Apposition/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: माधवी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• रात्रौ: at night
• रात्रौ: Adhikaraṇa (Time-locative/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रात्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन (वैकल्पिक रूप: रात्रौ)

• जागरणम्: vigil, wakefulness
• जागरणम्: Karman (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जागरण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• कृत्वा: having done
• कृत्वा: Kriya (पूर्वक्रिया/पूर्वकालिक)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृ (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्यय (gerund/absolutive)

• दिवा-उपवास-अन्विता: accompanied by fasting during the day
• दिवा-उपवास-अन्विता: Karta (Subject complement/कर्ता-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दिवा (अव्यय) + उपवास (प्रातिपदिक) + अन्वित (कृदन्त; √अन्वि/√इ (धातु) + क्त)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषसमासः (कर्मधारय/उपपद-समासभाव): दिवा उपवासेन अन्विता = ‘endowed with daytime fasting’

Speaker

Skanda

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Kāśī (Avimukta) during Vaiśākha caturdaśī

Type: kshetra

Visual Art Cues

Scene: Mādhavī prepares for caturdaśī observance in Kāśī: lamps arranged, flowers gathered, a quiet resolve as dusk falls; she begins the night vigil after a day of fasting.

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśākha
• Caturdaśī
• Mādhavī
• Kāśī (Vārāṇasī)

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Austerity joined with devotion—fasting by day and vigilance by night—intensifies spiritual merit in sacred Kāśī.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

Kāśī, in the devotional context of worship centered on the Oṃkāra form of Śiva.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

Divopavāsa (daytime fasting) and rātri-jāgaraṇa (night vigil) on Vaiśākha caturdaśī.