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Shiva Purana — Rudra Samhita, Shloka 78

सेवातत्त्वप्रश्नः — The Question of Whom to Serve (Sevā) for the Removal of Suffering

Devanagari script

द्वंद्वाप्राप्तौ न जायेतां सुखदुःखे विजानतः । विहिताविहिते तस्य न स्यातां च सुरर्षयः

Transliteration

dvaṃdvāprāptau na jāyetāṃ sukhaduḥkhe vijānataḥ | vihitāvihite tasya na syātāṃ ca surarṣayaḥ

Translation

يا أيها الرِّشِيّون الإلهيون، إن من عرف الحقيقة حقًّا لا ينشأ له لذّة ولا ألم عند حضور أزواج الأضداد؛ ولديه لا تُقيِّد حتى «المأمورات» و«المنهيّات»، لأنه ثابت في التمييز القويم والسكون الباطني (في شيفا).

Word by Word
द्वन्द्व-अप्राप्तौin the absence of dualities
द्वन्द्व-अप्राप्तौ:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootद्वन्द्व + अप्राप्ति (प्रातिपदिके)
Formतत्पुरुष: ‘non-attainment/absence of dualities’; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/locative), एकवचन
नnot
न:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (negation)
जायेताम्would arise (the two)
जायेताम्:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootजन् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), द्विवचन; आत्मनेपद
सुख-दुःखेpleasure and pain
सुख-दुःखे:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसुख + दुःख (प्रातिपदिके)
Formइतरेतर-द्वन्द्व: ‘pleasure and pain’; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), द्विवचन (as dual subject of जायेताम्)
विजानतःof one who knows
विजानतः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootवि-ज्ञा (धातु) → विजानत् (कृदन्त)
Formवर्तमानकृदन्त (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/genitive), एकवचन; ‘of the knower/one who knows’
विहित-अविहितेthe prescribed and the non-prescribed
विहित-अविहिते:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootविहित + अविहित (प्रातिपदिके)
Formद्वन्द्व: ‘prescribed and not prescribed’; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), द्विवचन (as dual subject of स्याताम्)
तस्यof him / for him
तस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसक, षष्ठी (6th/genitive), एकवचन
नnot
न:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (negation)
स्याताम्would be (the two)
स्याताम्:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), द्विवचन; parasmaipada
चand
च:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
सुर-ऋषयःO divine sages / the divine sages
सुर-ऋषयः:
Karta (कर्ता) (as vocative-like address; syntactically nominative)
TypeNoun
Rootसुर + ऋषि (प्रातिपदिके)
Formकर्मधारय: ‘divine sages’; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन (addressed/mentioned)
Speaker

Suta Goswami (narrating to the sages at Naimisharanya within the Rudrasaṃhitā discourse)

Shaiva Theology

Tattva Level: pashu

Shiva Form: Mahādeva

Jyotirlinga Context

Sthala Purana: General teaching on the jñānī: even when dvandvas arise, sukha/duḥkha do not arise for the knower; ‘vihita/avihita’ lose binding force—indicating transcendence of karmic compulsion through realization.

Significance: Recasts dharma/adharma as non-binding for the established knower (not as license, but as sign of being beyond karmic bondage), pointing to the ‘inner kṣetra’ of steadiness in Śiva.

Shakti Dimension

Role: teaching

FAQs

It teaches that the knower established in true discernment remains untouched by dvandvas (opposites) like pleasure and pain, indicating a Shaiva ideal of inner steadiness that leads toward liberation (moksha) in Śiva.

Linga-worship and Saguna Shiva devotion are disciplines that purify the mind; as devotion matures into Shiva-jnana, the devotee becomes equanimous and no longer feels inward bondage to emotional swings or mere rule-based religiosity.

Practice dhyana on Shiva (or the Linga) with japa of the Panchakshara—“Om Namaḥ Śivāya”—cultivating sama-bhāva (equanimity) so that pleasure/pain and notions of do/do-not lose their power to disturb the mind.

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