Rig Veda 8.103.10: Mandala 8, Sukta 103, Mantra 10
Sukta 8.103
Devata: Agni
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
प्रेष्ठमु प्रियाणां स्तुह्यासावातिथिम् । अग्निं रथानां यमम् ॥
Transliteration
préṣṭhamu priyā́ṇāṃ stuhy āsāv ā́tithim | agníṃ ráthānāṃ yámam ||
Translation
امدحوا أحبَّ الأحبّاء، هذا الضيفَ الذي أتى—أغني، يَما العربات: الذي يقرنُ النيرَ ويُدبّرُ مسيرَنا.
Word by Word
प्रेष्ठम्the dearest / most excellent
प्रेष्ठम्:
कर्म (स्तुह्या—‘praise!’: object of praise)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रेष्ठ (प्र-इष्/इष् ‘to seek, desire’ > इष्ठ/एष्ठ superl.)
उindeed; surely
उ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउ (particle)
प्रियाणाम्of the dear (ones)
प्रियाणाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of the dear ones’)
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootप्रिय (adj. ‘dear’)
स्तुह्यpraise!
स्तुह्य:
(आज्ञार्थ) क्रिया; कर्ता implied ‘त्वम्’
TypeVerb
Rootस्तु (धातु ‘to praise’)
आunto; towards
आ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (preverb)
सhim
स:
कर्म (object with स्तुह्य; resumes अग्निम्/अतिथिम्)
TypePronoun
Rootस (pronoun)
अतिथिम्the guest
अतिथिम्:
कर्म (object of स्तुह्य)
TypeNoun
Rootअतिथि (m. ‘guest’)
अग्निम्Agni
अग्निम्:
कर्म (apposition to अतिथिम्)
TypeNoun (deity name)
Rootअग्नि (m. ‘Agni’)
रथानाम्of chariots
रथानाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive with यमम्)
TypeNoun
Rootरथ (m. ‘chariot’)
यमम्the controller / guide
यमम्:
कर्म (in apposition: ‘Agni, the controller of chariots’)
TypeNoun (epithet)
Rootयम (m. ‘restrainer, controller’; also ‘Yama’)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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