Rig Veda 10.91.1: Mandala 10, Sukta 91, Mantra 1

Sukta 10.91

Rishi: Traditionally attributed to Agni-related seers in RV 10.91 (exact rishi varies by Anukramaṇī; commonly: Aruṇa Vaitahavya or similar late-maṇḍala attributions—requires śākhā-specific confirmation)

Devata: Agni

Chandas: Jagatī (likely for RV 10.91.1 given line length; meter should be confirmed by syllable count in the received text)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

सं जागृवद्भिर्जरमाण इध्यते दमे दमूना इषयन्निळस्पदे । विश्वस्य होता हविषो वरेण्यो विभुर्विभावा सुषखा सखीयते ॥

Transliteration

sáṃ jāgṛvád-bhir járamāṇa idhyate dáme damū́nā iṣáyann iḷás-páde | víśvasya hótā havíṣo váreṇyo vibhúr vibhā́vā su-sákhā sakhīyáte ||

Translation

مع اليقِظين يُوقَدُ؛ والنارُ التي لا تكفّ عن النماء تتّقد في الدار. وهو يدفعُ الاندفاعَ في مَقعدِ إِلَا. هو الهوتَرُ المختارُ لكلّ الوجود، واسعٌ متلألئ؛ الصديقُ الحسنُ يصيرُ صديقًا—أَغْنِي يُصاحِبُنا.

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Word by Word

• सम्: together, completely
• सम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम् (upasarga)

• जागृवद्भिः: with the wakeful (ones)
• जागृवद्भिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective (participle)
• Root: जागृवत् (√जागृ ‘to be awake’)

• जरमाणः: aging, growing old
• जरमाणः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective (participle)
• Root: जरमाण (√जॄ/जर् ‘to grow old, waste away’)

• इध्यते: is kindled, blazes
• इध्यते: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √इध् ‘to kindle, blaze’

• दमे: in the house
• दमे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: दम (n.) ‘house, home’

• दमूनाḥ: the house-dwelling (one)
• दमूनाḥ: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दमून (adj.) ‘house-friend/house-dweller’

• इषयन्: impelling, urging on
• इषयन्: Kartā
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: √इष् ‘to impel, set in motion, seek’

• इळस्: of Iḷā (refreshment/libation)
• इळस्: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: इळा/इळ (f.) ‘refreshment; libation; prayer’

• पदे: in the place
• पदे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: पद (n.) ‘place, step’

• विश्वस्य: of all, of the whole
• विश्वस्य: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: विश्व (adj./pron.) ‘all’

• होता: the Hotar (invoking priest)
• होता: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: होतृ (m.) ‘hotar-priest’

• हविषः: of the oblation
• हविषः: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: हविस् (n.) ‘oblation’

• वरेण्यः: choice-worthy, excellent
• वरेण्यः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वरेण्य (adj.) ‘to be chosen, excellent’ (< √वृ ‘to choose’)

• विभुः: mighty, pervasive
• विभुः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विभु (adj.) ‘all-pervading, mighty’

• विभावा: widely radiant
• विभावा: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विभावन्/विभाव (adj.) ‘widely shining, of wide radiance’

• सुषखा: a good friend
• सुषखा: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: सु- + सखि (m.) ‘good friend’

• सखीयते: makes friendship / is befriended
• सखीयते: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सख्य ‘to befriend, be in friendship’