Sukta 139
Sukta 10.139
Savitṛ (with Pūṣan as associated power)
يربط هذا النشيد بين اندفاع سافيتṛ عند الفجر—نهوضه الثابت بوصفه نورًا—وبين حركة بوشان الهادية الحامية، التي «ترى» وترعى جميع العوالم. ثم يتسع إلى رؤية أسطورية-طقسية تشارك فيها المياه، والغندهرفا (فيشفافاسو)، وإندرا في كشف Ṛta: الحدود الخفية، والآفاق المضيئة، وإطلاق الثروات المعاقة (الأمṛتا/الطاقات) من أغلال تشبه الحجر.
Mantras
Mantra 1
सूर्यरश्मिर्हरिकेशः पुरस्तात्सविता ज्योतिरुदयाँ अजस्रम् । तस्य पूषा प्रसवे याति विद्वान्त्सम्पश्यन्विश्वा भुवनानि गोपाः ॥
سافيتṛ، ذو شَعرٍ من أشعّة الشمس، يطلع من أمامٍ نورًا لا ينقطع. وباندفاعه يمضي بوشَن (Pūṣan)، العارف، مُبصرًا جميع العوالم، الحارسَ الذي يصون قطيعَ القوى في أمان.
Mantra 2
नृचक्षा एष दिवो मध्य आस्त आपप्रिवान्रोदसी अन्तरिक्षम् । स विश्वाचीरभि चष्टे घृताचीरन्तरा पूर्वमपरं च केतुम् ॥
هذا الرائي للناس يجلس في وسط السماء، مُتمِّمًا العالمين والفضاءَ بينهما. وهو ينظر إلى التيّارات السائرة في كلّ اتجاه، اللامعة كالسمن المصفّى (ghṛta)، مميّزًا بين العلامة الأولى والأخرى—بين ما كان وما سيأتي.
Mantra 3
रायो बुध्नः संगमनो वसूनां विश्वा रूपाभि चष्टे शचीभिः । देव इव सविता सत्यधर्मेन्द्रो न तस्थौ समरे धनानाम् ॥
هو جذرُ الغنى، ملتقى الكنوز؛ يُبصر كلَّ الصور بقواه الفاعلة. وكإلهٍ يقف سافيتṛ في الدَّرما الحقّة؛ وكإندرا يثبت في معركةِ الغنى، من أجل ثروات الوجود.
Mantra 4
विश्वावसुं सोम गन्धर्वमापो ददृशुषीस्तदृतेना व्यायन् । तदन्ववैदिन्द्रो रारहाण आसां परि सूर्यस्य परिधीँरपश्यत् ॥
أبصرتِ المياهُ فيشْفَافَسُو، غَنْدَهَرْفا السُّوما؛ وبناموسِ رِتا تحرّكتْ وبسطتْ أعمالَها. ثم إنَّ إندرا، مبتهجًا بجريانِها، عرفَ ذلك؛ ورأى الحدودَ المُحيطة، الآفاقَ المضيئةَ حولَ سُوريا (الشمس).
Mantra 5
विश्वावसुरभि तन्नो गृणातु दिव्यो गन्धर्वो रजसो विमानः । यद्वा घा सत्यमुत यन्न विद्म धियो हिन्वानो धिय इन्नो अव्याः ॥
لِيُنْشِدْ لنا فيشْفَافَسُو عن «ذلك»—الغَنْدَهَرْفا السماويّ، مُقَدِّرُ الفضاءِ الأوسط (رَجَس). أهو الحقُّ، أم ما لا نعلمه بعدُ؟ مُحَرِّكًا أفكارَنا، فَلْيَحْفَظْ أفكارَنا حقًّا.
Mantra 6
सस्निमविन्दच्चरणे नदीनामपावृणोद्दुरो अश्मव्रजानाम् । प्रासां गन्धर्वो अमृतानि वोचदिन्द्रो दक्षं परि जानादहीनाम् ॥
وجدَ «سَسْنِي» عند موطئِ الأنهار؛ وفتحَ أبوابَ الحظائرِ الحجرية. وأعلنَ الغَنْدَهَرْفا أمورَ تلك الجداولِ الخالدة؛ وعرفَ إندرا، من كلِّ جانب، مهارةَ الأفاعي (أهي) وقوّتَها.
Inside Sukta 139
How it unfolds
- Where it opens
Savitṛ rises in front as unceasing light; within his impulsion Pūṣan moves as the knowing guardian who beholds all worlds.
- Development
The hymn expands from the sunrise-impulse to Ṛta’s workings in the Waters and the Gandharva’s relation to Soma, showing how cosmic order is ‘seen’ and spread.
- Climax
Indra’s revelatory knowing: he comprehends the movement/order and beholds the Sun’s encircling bounds—horizons/limits that define the luminous world.
- Where it settles
Release and proclamation of hidden ‘immortal’ riches from the streams; obstructions and serpent-powers are understood/overcome through knowledge (dakṣa) and opening of enclosures.
The deity: Savitṛ
- In the VedaSavitṛ is the golden, sun-backed Impeller who raises the light and sets beings in right motion; in this hymn he is ‘sun-rayed, green-/gold-haired’ and rises as ceaseless radiance. Pūṣan acts within Savitṛ’s prasava (impulsion) as the knowing guide and guardian who surveys all worlds and protects the ‘herds’ (cows/energies).
- Cosmic functionTo initiate and regulate cosmic movement (daybreak, paths, awakenings) according to Ṛta; to guide travelers and souls, protect prosperity, and ensure safe passage through visible and hidden realms.
- Inner significanceThe awakening power of discernment that impels right action; the inner guide (Pūṣan) that keeps one aligned with truth-order, protects vital forces, and leads consciousness across thresholds from darkness to clarity.
The seer
- AnāmāRepresentative of the late (10th maṇḍala) anonymous/collective seer-voices that preserve older mythic motifs—Savitṛ’s impulsion, Pūṣan’s guidance, Gandharva–Waters–Soma relations, and Indra’s discovery/release—without a fixed family attribution.
Famous verses
सूर्यरश्मिर्हरिकेशः पुरस्तात्सविता ज्योतिरुदयाँ अजस्रम् । तस्य पूषा प्रसवे याति विद्वान्त्सम्पश्यन्विश्वा भुवनानि गोपाः ॥विश्वावसुं सोम गन्धर्वमापो ददृशुषीस्तदृतेना व्यायन् । तदन्ववैदिन्द्रो रारहाण आसां परि सूर्यस्य परिधीँरपश्यत् ॥सस्निमविन्दच्चरणे नदीनामपावृणोद्दुरो अश्मव्रजानाम् । प्रासां गन्धर्वो अमृतानि वोचदिन्द्रो दक्षं परि जानादहीनाम् ॥Attributes of the deity
- Prasava (divine impulsion, setting in motion)
- Dawn-rising, ceaseless light
- Path-making and guidance (Pūṣan)
- All-seeing guardianship of worlds
- Alignment with Ṛta (cosmic law)
- Protection of ‘cattle’ as prosperity/energies
Also by this seer
- Several hymns in Rigveda Maṇḍala 10 are transmitted with uncertain or anonymous r̥ṣi attribution in different recensions; RV 10.139 is among those commonly treated as ‘unknown rishi’ in modern listings.
The rite, step by step
- Ācamana and brief saṅkalpa for right guidance and protection.
- Kindle or attend the household fire (or lamp) facing east; establish a calm, attentive mind.
- Recite RV 10.139 (or selected key verses) as Savitṛ rises—emphasizing prasava and ‘sampaśyan’ (all-seeing).
- Offer oblations with each verse or at the end: ghee (ājya) into fire, or water-libation if no fire is used.
- Conclude with a short prayer for safe paths, clarity of intention, and guarded energies (cattle/prosperity).
Offerings
- Ghee (ājya) in agni
- Water libation (āpaḥ)
- Optional: soma-substitute (milk/juice) in remembrance of Soma–Gandharva motif
Frequently Asked Questions
Savitṛ is the main deity—the divine Impeller who raises the light and sets beings in motion. Pūṣan appears as an associated power who guides and protects within Savitṛ’s impulsion.
The hymn connects dawn-impulsion with Ṛta (cosmic order). The Waters and the Gandharva (Viśvāvasu) symbolize the lawful flow of revelation and the guarding/transmission of Soma-like inspiration.
It is a prayer for clear beginnings at dawn: right impulse (prasava), safe guidance on life’s paths, protection of one’s vital ‘herds’ (strength/prosperity), and the opening of what feels blocked or enclosed.
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