Shloka 49

Devanagari script

तेचास्यहयमुख्येषुतूर्णमुत्पत्यवानराः ।।।।चतुर्षुसुमहावीर्यानिपेतुर्भीमविक्रमाः ।

Transliteration

te cāsya hayamukhyeṣu tūrṇam utpatya vānarāḥ | caturṣu sumahāvīryā nipetur bhīmavikramāḥ ||

Translation

فقفز أولئك الفانارا على الفور—عظامَ البأس، مهيبين في الشدة—وانقضّوا على الخيول الأربعة الأوائل لعرَبته.

Word by Word

• ते: they
• ते: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha/Particle (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक निपात

• अस्य: of him
• अस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसक, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन; ‘of him/this’

• हयमुख्येषु: upon the best horses
• हयमुख्येषु: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हय + मुख्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुष: मुख्याः हयाः; पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), बहुवचन

• तूर्णम्: quickly
• तूर्णम्: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तूर्णम् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• उत्पत्य: leaping up
• उत्पत्य: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उत्-पत् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्यय (gerund) ‘having leapt up’

• वानराः: vanaras
• वानराः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वानर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन

• चतुर्षु: on four
• चतुर्षु: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चतुर् (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: संख्यावाचक, पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), बहुवचन; ‘on four (of them)’

• सुमहावीर्याः: of very great prowess
• सुमहावीर्याः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु + महा + वीर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन

• निपेतुः: fell upon
• निपेतुः: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि-पत् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

• भीमविक्रमाः: of terrible valor
• भीमविक्रमाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भीम + विक्रम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन

Context

The four Vanaras of remarkable valour and of terrific courage getting up immediately fell on the best of the horses (of Indrajith).

Characters & Entities

• Vanaras
• Indrajit (implied by 'his horses')

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma in collective defense includes tactical intervention: allies may disable an aggressor’s mobility to protect the righteous side and reduce harm to their leaders.

What is the narrative situation?

The vanara leaders leap and attack the principal horses of Indrajit’s chariot.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Fearless initiative and coordinated support in battle.