Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 61, Shloka 37

कुम्भकर्णदर्शनम्

The Appearance of Kumbhakarna and the Account of His Might

Devanagari script

राघवेणसमादिष्टोनीलोहरिचमूपतिः ।शशासवानरानीकंयथावत्कपिकुञ्जरः ।।6.61.37।।

Transliteration

rāghaveṇa samādiṣṭo nīlo haricamūpatiḥ |

śaśāsa vānarānīkaṃ yathāvat kapikuñjaraḥ ||6.61.37||

Translation

ولمّا أُمِرَ من رَاغَفَا، تولّى نِيلَا—سيّد جيش الفانارا، «فيلٌ بين القِرَدة»—تنظيم كتائب القِرَدة على الوجه الذي أُمِرَ به.

Word by Word

• राघवेण: by Raghava (Rama)
• राघवेण: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राघव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन (Singular)

• समादिष्टः: having been instructed/ordered
• समादिष्टः: कर्तृविशेषण (Qualifier of Karta)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्-आ-√दिश् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (Past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचन; कर्तरि विशेषण (adjective of the subject)

• नीलः: Nila
• नीलः: कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नील (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन

• हरि-चमू-पतिः: lord/commander of the monkey-army
• हरि-चमू-पतिः: कर्तृसमनाधिकरण (Appositional to Karta)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरि (प्रातिपदिक) + चमू (प्रातिपदिक) + पति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (Genitive determinative): हरिणां चमूः यस्याः सः पति; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• शशास: commanded/ordered
• शशास: क्रिया (Verb/Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √शास् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन

• वानर-अनीकम्: the monkey-troop/army
• वानर-अनीकम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वानर (प्रातिपदिक) + अनीक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: वानराणाम् अनीकम्; नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन

• यथावत्: properly/as prescribed
• यथावत्: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथावत् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (indeclinable), क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• कपि-कुञ्जरः: elephant among monkeys (a mighty monkey)
• कपि-कुञ्जरः: कर्तृसमनाधिकरण (Appositional epithet of Karta)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कपि (प्रातिपदिक) + कुञ्जर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (often used as epithet): कपीनां कुञ्जरः; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Context

As instructed by Raghava, the monkey leader Nila, elephant among the monkeys, ordered the monkey troops as instructed.

Characters & Entities

• Rāghava (Rāma)
• Nīla
• Vānara army

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma in collective action includes faithful execution of rightful commands—order and cooperation prevent harm and preserve the righteous mission.

What is the narrative situation?

Nīla, appointed as commander, implements Rāma’s instructions by issuing proper orders to the vānara divisions.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Duty and discipline: Nīla’s reliability in command and adherence to righteous leadership.