Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 108, Shloka 30

रावणरथवैभव–निमित्तदर्शन–राममातलिसंवादः

Ravana’s Chariot, Portents, and Rama–Matali Instructions

Devanagari script

दिशश्चप्रदिशस्सर्वाबभूवुस्तिमिरावृताः ।।।।पांसुवर्षेणमहतादुर्दर्शं च नभोऽभवत् ।

Transliteration

diśaś ca pradiśaḥ sarvā babhūvus timirāvṛtāḥ |

pāṃsuvarṣeṇa mahatā durdarśaṃ ca nabho 'bhavat ||

Translation

اكتستْ الجهاتُ كلُّها وما بينَها ظلمةً؛ وبمطرٍ عظيمٍ من الغبارِ غدا حتى السماءُ عسيرةَ الرؤية.

Word by Word

• दिशः: directions
• दिशः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिश् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (f.), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nom. 1), बहुवचन (Pl.)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha/Connector (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• प्रदिशः: intermediate directions
• प्रदिशः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रदिश् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (f.), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nom. 1), बहुवचन (Pl.)

• सर्वाः: all
• सर्वाः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (f.), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nom. 1), बहुवचन (Pl.); विशेषण (adjective)

• बभूवुः: became/were
• बभूवुः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन (Pl.)

• तिमिरावृताः: covered with darkness
• तिमिरावृताः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तिमिर-आवृत (कृदन्त; तिमिर + √वृ (धातु) + क्त)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (f.), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nom. 1), बहुवचन (Pl.); क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि (past passive participle)

• पांसुवर्षेण: by a shower of dust
• पांसुवर्षेण: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पांसु-वर्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (n.), तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instr. 3), एकवचन (Sg.)

• महता: great/huge
• महता: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (n.), तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instr. 3), एकवचन (Sg.); विशेषण

• दुर्दर्शम्: hard to see/obscure
• दुर्दर्शम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुर्दर्श (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (n.), प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Nom./Acc. 1/2), एकवचन (Sg.); विधेय-विशेषण (predicative adjective)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha/Connector (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• नभः: the sky
• नभः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नभस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (n.), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nom. 1), एकवचन (Sg.)

• अभवत्: became
• अभवत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd), एकवचन (Sg.)

Context

All directions and intermediate points were enveloped by darkness by the shower of dust and the huge sky was obscure.

Characters & Entities

• nabhas (sky)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Darkness and obscurity symbolize ethical confusion: adharma spreads a ‘dust’ that hides truth and right action.

What is the narrative situation?

A dust-storm-like phenomenon covers the battlefield region, dimming visibility in all directions.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The implied virtue is clarity and steadfast discrimination (viveka) in crisis—qualities dharma demands when the world turns obscure.