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Shloka 43

लङ्कादाहः — The Burning of Lanka

Catuḥpañcāśaḥ Sargaḥ

Devanagari script

भङ्क्त्वा वनं पादपरत्नसङ्कुलं हत्वा तु रक्षांसि महान्ति संयुगे।दग्ध्वा पुरीं तां गृहरत्नमालिनीं तस्थौ हनूमान्पवनात्मजः कपिः।।।।

Transliteration

bhaṅktvā vanaṃ pādaparatnasaṅkulaṃ hatvā tu rakṣāṃsi mahānti saṃyuge | dagdhvā purīṃ tāṃ gṛharatnamālinīṃ tasthau hanūmān pavanātmajaḥ kapiḥ ||

Translation

وبعد أن حطّم الغابة المزدحمة بالأشجار البهيّة، وقتل في القتال رَكْشَساتٍ عظامًا، وأحرق تلك المدينة المزيّنة بصفوف من الدور النفيسة، ثبت هانومان—ابن إله الريح—ثابتًا لا يتزعزع.

Word by Word
भङ्क्त्वाhaving broken
भङ्क्त्वा:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootभञ्ज् (धातु) → भङ्क्त्वा (कृदन्त, त्वा)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्यय (gerund/absolutive), ‘having broken’
वनम्the grove
वनम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootवन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), एकवचन
पादप-रत्न-सङ्कुलम्crowded with jewel-like trees
पादप-रत्न-सङ्कुलम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootपादप (प्रातिपदिक) + रत्न (प्रातिपदिक) + सङ्कुल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; ‘रत्नवत् पादपाः’ (कर्मधारय) + ‘तैः सङ्कुलम्’ (तृतीया-तत्पुरुष)
हत्वाhaving killed
हत्वा:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootहन् (धातु) → हत्वा (कृदन्त, त्वा)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्यय (gerund), ‘having slain’
तुand/indeed
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formनिपात-अव्यय (particle: emphasis/contrast)
रक्षांसिdemons
रक्षांसि:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootरक्षस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), बहुवचन
महान्तिgreat/mighty
महान्ति:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन
संयुगेin battle
संयुगे:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootसंयुग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/अधिकरण), एकवचन
दग्ध्वाhaving burned
दग्ध्वा:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootदह् (धातु) → दग्ध्वा (कृदन्त, त्वा)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्यय (gerund), ‘having burned’
पुरीम्the city
पुरीम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपुरी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), एकवचन
ताम्that
ताम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; सर्वनाम, विशेषणरूपेण
गृह-रत्न-मालिनीम्adorned with rows of splendid houses
गृह-रत्न-मालिनीम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootगृह (प्रातिपदिक) + रत्न (प्रातिपदिक) + मालिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; ‘रत्नवत् गृहाणि’ (कर्मधारय) + ‘तैः मालिनी’ (तृतीया-तत्पुरुष: adorned with rows of jewel-like houses)
तस्थौstood
तस्थौ:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootस्था (धातु)
Formलिट् (परोक्षभूत/Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
हनूमान्Hanuman
हनूमान्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootहनुमत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
पवन-आत्मजःson of the Wind-god
पवन-आत्मजः:
Apposition (समनाधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootपवन (प्रातिपदिक) + आत्मज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘पवनस्य आत्मजः’ (son of the Wind)
कपिःthe monkey
कपिः:
Apposition (समनाधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootकपि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
Context

Great Hanuman, sought Rama's presence in his mind after killing many demons, breaking down many trees of the garden, and setting fire to the mansions of demons.

Characters & Entities
H
Hanuman
V
Vayu (Wind-god)
R
Rakshasas
L
Lanka (implied by 'city')

FAQs

Dharma is presented as resolute service to a righteous cause: force is used as a measured instrument against adharma (Rakshasa aggression) to advance Rama’s quest, not for personal gain.

The verse summarizes Hanuman’s completed acts in Lanka—destroying the grove, defeating Rakshasas, and burning parts of the city—after which he pauses, steady and unshaken.

Steadfastness and composure after intense action: strength guided by purpose, not intoxicated by violence.

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