Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 44, Shloka 10

जम्बुमालिवधः

The Slaying of Jambumali

Devanagari script

चुकोप बाणाभिहतो राक्षसस्य महाकपिः।ततः पार्श्वेऽतिविपुलां ददर्श महतीं शिलाम्।।।।

Transliteration

cukopa bāṇābhihato rākṣasasya mahākapiḥ |

tataḥ pārśve 'tivipulāṁ dadarśa mahatīṁ śilām ||

Translation

لما أصابت سهامُ الرّاكشاسا القردَ العظيم اشتعل غضبًا؛ ثم أبصر إلى جانبه صخرةً هائلة.

Word by Word

• चुकोप: became enraged
• चुकोप: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कुप् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect/परोक्षभूत), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (singular)

• बाण-अभिहतः: struck by arrows
• बाण-अभिहतः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of महाकपिः
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बाण (प्रातिपदिक) + अभि-हन् (धातु) → अभिहत (कृदन्त)
• Form: कर्मधारय/षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषसमास (determinative: 'struck by arrows'); अभिहत = क्त (past passive participle), पुल्लिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन (singular)

• राक्षसस्य: of the demon
• राक्षसस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राक्षस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग (masculine), षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन (singular)

• महाकपिः: the great monkey (Hanuman)
• महाकपिः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाकपि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारयसमास (mahā + kapi); पुल्लिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (singular)

• ततः: then
• ततः: Kāla/Anantarya (काल/अनन्तर्य)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (indeclinable), क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• पार्श्वे: at the side
• पार्श्वे: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्श्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन (singular)

• अति-विपुलाम्: very huge
• अति-विपुलाम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of शिलाम्
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अति (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + विपुल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (feminine), द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन (singular)

• ददर्श: saw
• ददर्श: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (singular)

• महतीम्: great, large
• महतीम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of शिलाम्
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (feminine), द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन (singular)

• शिलाम्: a rock
• शिलाम्: Karma (कर्म/Object) of ददर्श
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिला (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (feminine), द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन (singular)

Context

Struck by the shafts of the ogre, the great monkey was enraged and happened to seea huge, heavy rock lying beside him on the ground.

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān
• Jambumālī (contextual attacker)
• Rākṣasa
• Laṅkā
• Rock (śilā)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Even when anger arises, dharma demands purposeful restraint: Hanumān channels krodha into effective action for the mission rather than reckless harm.

What is the narrative situation?

During the duel with Jambumālī, Hanumān is hit by arrows, becomes enraged, and looks for a suitable weapon—finding a massive rock.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Pragmatic courage: quick decision-making under attack.