Shloka 13

किष्किन्धाकाण्डे द्वात्रिंशः सर्गः

Lakshmana’s Anger Reported; Hanuman Advises Propitiation and Timely Mobilization

Devanagari script

त्वं प्रमत्तो न जानीषे कालं कालविदां वर।फुल्लसप्तच्छदश्यामा प्रवृत्ता तु शरच्छिवा।।

Transliteration

tvaṃ pramatto na jānīṣe kālaṃ kālavidāṃ vara | phulla-saptacchada-śyāmā pravṛttā tu śarad śivā ||

Translation

يا أفضلَ العارفين بالفصول، لقد غلبتك الغفلة فلا تميّز الزمان؛ فقد أقبل الخريفُ المبارك، غضًّا أخضرَ، وقد تفتّحت أزهارُ السَّبتَتشَّدَة.

Word by Word

• त्वम्: you
• त्वम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yuzmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, उत्तम-पुरुषार्थे मध्यमपुरुष-संबोधन; प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचन

• प्रमत्तः: careless, inattentive
• प्रमत्तः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pra-mad (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त-विशेषण; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• न: not
• न: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय

• जानीषे: you know/are aware
• जानीषे: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: jñā (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), आत्मनेपद; मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन

• कालम्: time
• कालम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन

• कालविदाम्: of the knowers of time
• कालविदाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāla (प्रातिपदिक) + vid (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: कालस्य विदः (knowers of time); पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive/6th), बहुवचन

• वर: O best
• वर: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, संबोधन (Vocative/8th), एकवचन

• फुल्लसप्तच्छदश्यामा: dark-green with blossoming saptacchada flowers
• फुल्लसप्तच्छदश्यामा: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: phulla (प्रातिपदिक) + saptacchada (प्रातिपदिक) + śyāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि-समास (possessive): यस्यां फुल्लाः सप्तच्छदाः, सा; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणम् 'शरत्' प्रति

• प्रवृत्ता: has set in, has begun
• प्रवृत्ता: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pra-vṛt (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (predicative: 'has begun')

• तु: indeed/but
• तु: Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्धबोधक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (particle; contrast/emphasis)

• शरत्: autumn
• शरत्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śarat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• शिवा: auspicious, pleasant
• शिवा: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śiva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणम् 'शरत्' प्रति

Context

'The sky from which the dark clouds have completely disappeared is illumined with planets and stars. The rivers and tanks as well as all directions are pleasant.

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma requires timely action; neglecting kāla (proper time) turns even capability into failure and becomes a moral lapse in keeping one’s word.

What is the narrative situation?

Sugrīva has become complacent after regaining kingship; Tārā points out that the season has turned and the promised campaign must begin.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Alertness and accountability—awareness of time and readiness to fulfill commitments.