Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 18, Shloka 57

पुत्रजन्मोत्सवः — Birth of the Princes and Viśvāmitra’s Arrival

Bālakāṇḍa 18

Devanagari script

मम चायमनुप्राप्तो महानभ्युदयो द्विज।तवागमनज: कृत्स्नो धर्मश्चानुत्तमो मम।।।।

Transliteration

mama cāyam anuprāpto mahān abhyudayo dvija | tavāgamanajaḥ kṛtsno dharmaś cānuttamo mama ||

Translation

يا بْرَاهْمَن، لقد نالني حظٌّ عظيم. وبمجيئك قد نهض—كأنما—جميعُ رصيدِي من الدَّرْمَا والفضلِ الذي لا يُضاهى.

Word by Word

• मम: for me/of me
• मम: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम (Pronoun), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (Singular)

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय/coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• अयम्: this
• अयम्: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम (Pronoun), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• अनुप्राप्तः: has arrived/has come
• अनुप्राप्तः: Kriyā (क्रिया/predicative participle)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु + प्र + आप् (धातु) + क्त (कृत्-प्रत्यय) → अनुप्राप्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि/भूतकृत् (past participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्तरि प्रयोग (used predicatively: ‘has come’)

• महान्: great
• महान्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifies ‘अभ्युदयः’)

• अभ्युदयः: prosperity/fortune
• अभ्युदयः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject; apposition with ‘अयम्’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अभ्युदय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• द्विज: O Brahmin
• द्विज: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन

• तव: your/of you
• तव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम (Pronoun), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन

• आगमनजः: born of your coming / due to your arrival
• आगमनजः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आगमन (प्रातिपदिक) + ज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (genitive determinative: ‘from the coming’), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifies ‘धर्मः’)

• कृत्स्नः: entire/whole
• कृत्स्नः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृत्स्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifies ‘धर्मः’)

• धर्मः: merit/dharma
• धर्मः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय/coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• अनुत्तमः: unsurpassed/excellent
• अनुत्तमः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनुत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifies ‘धर्मः’)

• मम: for me/of me
• मम: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन

Context

O Brahmin! I have attained this high foutune today. My great merit has been realised as a result of your arrival".

Characters & Entities

• Daśaratha
• Viśvāmitra
• dvija

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma increases through honoring the righteous; the verse links spiritual merit to respectful reception of a sage.

What is the narrative situation?

Daśaratha interprets Viśvāmitra’s visit as the cause of his own auspicious fortune and merit.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Piety and moral sensitivity—Daśaratha measures fortune in terms of dharma rather than power.