Shloka 58

Devanagari script

नाश्वबन्धोऽश्वमाजानान्नगजं कुञ्जरग्रहः।मत्तप्रमत्तमुदिता चमूः सा तत्र संबभौ।।।।

Transliteration

nāśvabandho ’śvam ājānān na gajaṃ kuñjaragrahaḥ |

matta-pramatta-muditā camūḥ sā tatra saṃbabhau ||

Translation

وهناك أشرقت الجموعُ بفرحٍ سكرانَ غافلٍ؛ فلا الفارسُ عاد يميّز فرسَه، ولا سائسُ الفيلِ يميّز فيلَه.

Word by Word

• tarpitāḥ: gratified/sated
• tarpitāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa of Karta (कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tarpita (प्रातिपदिक; √tṛp)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Plural; qualifies sainyāḥ

• sarvakāmaiḥ: with all enjoyments
• sarvakāmaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sarva + kāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural; means "with all desired things"

• te: those
• te: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural; pronoun referring to soldiers

• rakta-candana-rūṣitāḥ: smeared with red sandal paste
• rakta-candana-rūṣitāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa of Karta (कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: rakta + candana + rūṣita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural; rūṣita (क्त) = smeared; compound sense = "smeared with red sandal"

• apsaro-gaṇa-saṃyuktāḥ: accompanied by apsaras-groups
• apsaro-gaṇa-saṃyuktāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa of Karta (कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: apsaras + gaṇa + saṃyukta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural; saṃyukta (क्त) = joined/attended; "accompanied by groups of apsarases"

• sainyāḥ: soldiers
• sainyāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sainya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• vācam: speech/words
• vācam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vāc (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• udairayan: uttered/raised
• udairayan: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ud-√īr (धातु)
• Form: Laṅ (लङ्, imperfect), Parasmaipada, 3rd Person, Plural

Context

The horserider no longer recognised the horse or the mahout the elephant and the whole army was inebriated with drinking and pleasure.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata’s army (camūḥ)
• horse
• elephant

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It serves as an ethical caution: indulgence that destroys awareness leads to negligence of duty (pramāda), which dharma repeatedly warns against.

What is the narrative situation?

After lavish hospitality, the army becomes intoxicated and disorderly, forgetting even their own animals and roles.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

By contrast (through negative example), the virtue emphasized is self-restraint and mindfulness—needed to preserve responsibility.