Shloka 1

Devanagari script

कृतबुद्धिं निवासाय तत्रैव स मुनिस्तदा।भरतं कैकयीपुत्रमातिथ्येनन्यमन्त्रयत्।।।।

Transliteration

kṛta-buddhiṃ nivāsāya tatraiva sa munis tadā | bharataṃ kaikayī-putram ātithyenānyamantrayat || 2.91.1 ||

Translation

فلما عزم بهاراتا، ابن كايكيي، أن يقيم هناك ليلته، دعاه الحكيم بما يليق من كرم الضيافة.

Word by Word

• kṛta-buddhim: having resolved
• kṛta-buddhim: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛta (कृदन्त; √kṛ (कृ)+क्त) + buddhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (कर्मधारय/उपपद: 'कृता बुद्धिः यस्य' in sense; formally kṛta + buddhi); पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; qualifying bharatam

• nivāsāya: for staying
• nivāsāya: Prayojana (प्रयोजन/purpose)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nivāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th), एकवचन; dative of purpose

• tatra: there
• tatra: Deśa (देश/place)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय (locative adverb: 'there')

• eva: indeed/itself
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण (emphasis)

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• muniḥ: sage
• muniḥ: Karta (कर्ता/apposition to saḥ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: muni (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• tadā: then
• tadā: Kāla (काल/time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (then)

• bharatam: Bharata
• bharatam: Karma (कर्म/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bharata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• kaikayī-putram: Kaikeyī's son
• kaikayī-putram: Karma (कर्म/apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kaikayī (प्रातिपदिक) + putra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: 'कैकय्याः पुत्रः'); पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; apposition to bharatam

• ātithyena: with hospitality
• ātithyena: Karana (करण/means)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ātithya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन; instrumental of means

• nyamantrayat: invited
• nyamantrayat: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ni-√mantr (मन्त्र्)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect/past), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन

Context

With the decision of Bharata, son of Kaikeyi, to stay there for the night, sage Bharadwaja extended to him all hospitality.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Kaikeyi
• Bharadvaja

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Atithi-dharma: a righteous host recognizes a guest’s need (rest) and offers fitting hospitality without delay or reluctance.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata decides to spend the night at Bharadvāja’s hermitage; the sage formally offers hospitality.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Bharadvāja’s generosity and readiness to serve—hospitality as a sacred duty.