Shloka 5

तमसातीरवासः

Night on the Bank of the Tamasa and the Stratagem to Elude the Citizens

Devanagari script

अनुरक्ता हि मनुजा राजानं बहुभिर्गुणैः।त्वां च मां च नरव्याघ्र शत्रुघ्न भरतौ तथा।।2.46.5।।

Transliteration

anuraktā hi manujā rājānaṃ bahubhir guṇaiḥ | tvāṃ ca māṃ ca naravyāghra śatrughna-bharatau tathā ||2.46.5||

Translation

يا نمرَ الرجال، إن الناس حقًّا مخلصون—لِكَثرة الفضائل—للملك، ولك، ولي، وكذلك لبهاراتا وشترغنا.

Word by Word

• anuraktāḥ: attached/devoted
• anuraktāḥ: Vidheyaviśeṣaṇa (predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anurakta (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā (Nominative/1st), Bahuvacana (Plural); predicate adjective of manujāḥ

• hi: indeed/for
• hi: Sambandha-bodhaka (particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; nipāta (emphasis/causal)

• manujāḥ: people
• manujāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manuja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā (Nominative/1st), Bahuvacana (Plural)

• rājānam: the king
• rājānam: Karma (कर्म/Object) (of anuraktāḥ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Dvitīyā (Accusative/2nd), Ekavacana (Singular)

• bahubhiḥ: with many
• bahubhiḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of guṇaiḥ
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bahu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine/Neuter), Tṛtīyā (Instrumental/3rd), Bahuvacana (Plural); agrees with guṇaiḥ

• guṇaiḥ: virtues
• guṇaiḥ: Karaṇa/Hetu (करण/हेतु) (cause/means of attachment)
• Type: Noun
• Root: guṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Tṛtīyā (Instrumental/3rd), Bahuvacana (Plural)

• tvām: you
• tvām: Karma (object of anuraktāḥ, understood)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma, Dvitīyā (Accusative/2nd), Ekavacana (Singular)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; conjunction

• mām: me
• mām: Karma (object of anuraktāḥ, understood)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma, Dvitīyā (Accusative/2nd), Ekavacana (Singular)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; conjunction

• nara-vyāghra: O tiger among men
• nara-vyāghra: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nara (प्रातिपदिक) + vyāghra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Sambodhana (Vocative), Ekavacana (Singular); karmadhāraya: naraḥ eva vyāghraḥ (tiger among men)

• śatrughna: O Śatrughna
• śatrughna: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śatrughna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Sambodhana (Vocative), Ekavacana (Singular)

• bharatau: Bharata (and another) / Bharata (dual form)
• bharatau: Karma (कर्म/Object) (of anuraktāḥ, understood)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bharata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā/Dvitīyā (Nom/Acc), Dvivacana (Dual); here as additional objects (accusative dual) in coordination

• tathā: likewise
• tathā: Samuccaya/Prakāra (coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; adverb 'likewise/also'

Context

With the intention of confusing the citizens, Rama said to the charioteer, O Sumantra, having seated in the chariot proceed speedly for a while in northerly direction and again turn back the chariot. Accomplish this feat in such a manner that the citizens will not know (where we have gone).

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Lakshmana
• Dasharatha
• Bharata
• Shatrughna
• People of Ayodhya

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is linked to guṇa (virtue): legitimate authority and public loyalty arise from moral excellence rather than mere power.

What is the narrative situation?

As Rama departs, he reflects on how deeply the citizens are attached to the royal family.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Recognition of ethical leadership—Rama notes that devotion is earned through virtues.