Valmiki Ramayana 2.40.48 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 40, Shloka 48

प्रयाणवर्णनम्

Departure from Ayodhya; Civic Lament and the Chariot’s Urgency

Devanagari script

रामस्य स वचः कुर्वन्ननुज्ञाप्य च तं जनम्।व्रजतोऽपि हयान् शीघ्रं चोदयामास सारथिः।।।।

Transliteration

rāmasya sa vacaḥ kurvann anujñāpya ca taṃ janam |

vrajato 'pi hayān śīghraṃ codayāmāsa sārathiḥ ||

Translation

فامتثل السائق لكلام راما، واستأذن القوم مودِّعًا، ثم حثّ الخيل على مزيد من السرعة، مع أنها كانت تمضي مسرعةً بالفعل.

Word by Word

• रामस्य: of Rama
• रामस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• सः: he (the charioteer)
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• वचः: word/command
• वचः: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्म

• कुर्वन्: doing/obeying
• कुर्वन्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमान कृदन्त, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘doing’ = obeying

• अनुज्ञाप्य: having taken leave
• अनुज्ञाप्य: Kriya (क्रिया-पूर्वक)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु + ज्ञा (धातु)
• Form: ल्यप्-प्रत्ययान्त (absolutive/gerund), ‘having taken leave/asked permission’

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• तम्: that
• तम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (of janam)

• जनम्: the people/crowd
• जनम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• व्रजतः: while going
• व्रजतः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Verb
• Root: व्रज् (धातु)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमान कृदन्त (present participle), पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; ‘while (he) was going’

• अपि: even
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (even/also)

• हयान्: horses
• हयान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• शीघ्रम्: quickly
• शीघ्रम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: शीघ्रम् (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय

• चोदयामास: urged/drove on
• चोदयामास: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: चुद् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; causative sense ‘made (them) move’

• सारथिः: the charioteer
• सारथिः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सारथि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Context

Obeying the command of Rama and after taking leave of the people, Sumantra hastened the horses although they were galloping.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Sumantra
• people of Ayodhyā
• horses

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma as faithful service (sevā) and disciplined obedience: Sumantra follows the rightful directive meant to reduce suffering and fulfill the course of events.

What is the narrative situation?

After acknowledging the gathered people, Sumantra accelerates the chariot in accordance with Rāma’s instruction.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Loyalty and duty-consciousness in service—Sumantra acts decisively despite the emotional turmoil around him.