Valmiki Ramayana 2.36.17: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 36, Shloka 17

अयोध्याकाण्डे षट्त्रिंशः सर्गः

Daśaratha’s orders for Rama’s escort; Kaikeyi’s fear; the Asamañjasa precedent

Devanagari script

एवमुक्तो धिगित्येव राजा दशरथोऽब्रवीत्।व्रीडितश्च जनस्सर्व स्सा च तं नावबुध्यत।।।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.36.17

Transliteration

evam ukto dhig ity eva rājā daśaratho 'bravīt | vrīḍitaś ca janaḥ sarvaḥ sā ca taṃ nāvabudhyata || 2.36.17 ||

Translation

فلما خوطب بذلك لم يستطع الملك دشرثا إلا أن يقول: «عار!» فاستحيا جميع الحاضرين، أما هي (كايكَيِي) فلم تدرك ذلك.

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Word by Word

• evam: thus
• evam: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: evam (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (प्रकारवाचक अव्यय)

• uktaḥ: having been spoken to/told
• uktaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vac (धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त); Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular; referring to rājā daśarathaḥ

• dhik: shame! fie!
• dhik: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: dhik (अव्यय)
• Form: Exclamation particle (निन्दार्थक अव्यय)

• iti: thus
• iti: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: Quotative particle

• eva: only/indeed
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Emphatic particle

• rājā: the king
• rājā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular

• daśarathaḥ: Dasaratha
• daśarathaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: daśaratha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular; apposition to rājā

• abravīt: said
• abravīt: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: brū (धातु)
• Form: Luṅ (लुङ्) aorist; Parasmaipada; Prathama-puruṣa (3rd person) Singular

• vrīḍitaḥ: ashamed
• vrīḍitaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vrīḍita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular; predicate adjective of janaḥ (collective)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

• janaḥ: people
• janaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (collective)

• sarvaḥ: all
• sarvaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular; adjective of janaḥ

• sā: she
• sā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular; referring to Kaikeyi

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

• tam: that (matter/him)
• tam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (द्वितीया) Singular

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle

• avabudhyata: understood/perceived
• avabudhyata: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ava-budh (धातु)
• Form: Laṅ (लङ्) imperfect; Ātmanepada; Prathama-puruṣa (3rd person) Singular

Context

Hearing the words of Kaikeyi, Dasaratha could say only 'shame'. All the people felt ashamed, but Kaikeyi could not understand this.

Characters & Entities

• Daśaratha
• Kaikeyī

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Moral shame (lajjā) and communal conscience act as ethical regulators; losing sensitivity to shame signals a fall from dharma.

What is the narrative situation?

After Kaikeyī’s argument, Daśaratha is emotionally broken and can only utter a condemnation; the courtly atmosphere turns to collective embarrassment.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The virtue of moral sensitivity: the assembled people feel shame at adharma, while Kaikeyī’s inability to perceive it marks ethical hardening.