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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 33, Shloka 11

त्रयस्त्रिंशः सर्गः

Civic Lament and Rama’s Dutiful Approach to Daśaratha

निर्गुणस्यापि पुत्रस्य कथं स्याद्विप्रवासनम्।किं पुनर्यस्य लोकोऽयं जितो वृत्तेन केवलम्।।।।

nirguṇasyāpi putrasya kathaṃ syād vipravāsanam | kiṃ punar yasya loko ’yaṃ jito vṛttena kevalam ||

كيف يُنفى إلى المنفى حتى ابنٌ بلا فضائل؟ فكيف براما، الذي غلب هذا العالم كلَّه بسيرته وحدها!

nirguṇasyaof a virtue-less (one)
nirguṇasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/possessor)
TypeAdjective
Rootnirguṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī (6th/षष्ठी), Ekavacana; qualifying putrasya
apieven
api:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
FormParticle: 'even'
putrasyaof a son
putrasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootputra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī, Ekavacana
kathamhow
katham:
Prakāra-adhikaraṇa (प्रकार-अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkatham (अव्यय)
FormPraśna-avyaya (interrogative adverb)
syātcould be
syāt:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√as (अस्)
FormLiṅ-lakāra (optative/विधिलिङ्), Prathama-puruṣa, Ekavacana, Parasmaipada
vipravāsanambanishment, exile
vipravāsanam:
Karta (कर्ता; predicate noun)
TypeNoun
Rootvipravāsana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग, Prathamā, Ekavacana
kimwhat (then)
kim:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/idiom)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPraśna-nipāta used idiomatically with punaḥ: 'what then/much more'
punaḥmuch more
punaḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/idiom)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpunaḥ (अव्यय)
FormNipāta/adverb: 'again; much more'
yasyawhose
yasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī, Ekavacana; relative pronoun
lokaḥworld
lokaḥ:
Karma (कर्म; object of jitaḥ in passive)
TypeNoun
Rootloka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
ayamthis
ayam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; demonstrative pronoun qualifying lokaḥ
jitaḥconquered
jitaḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया; passive predicate)
TypeVerb
Root√ji (जि) + kta (क्त)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; passive sense: 'has been conquered'
vṛttenaby conduct
vṛttena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootvṛtta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग, Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana; instrumental of means
kevalamonly
kevalam:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkevala (अव्ययवत्)
FormAvyaya used as adverb: 'only/merely'

Even a son who is bereft of virtues cannot be banished, what to say about Rama, who by good conduct alone has conquered the world.

S
son (implicitly Rāma)

FAQs

Dharma is tied to śīla (upright conduct): society’s legitimacy rests on recognizing virtue, and punishing or exiling the virtuous is seen as a moral inversion.

The public argues that exile is unjust—if it is hard to justify even for an unworthy son, it is unthinkable for Rāma.

Rāma’s exemplary conduct (vṛtta/śīla), which earns universal respect without coercion.