Valmiki Ramayana 2.12.2 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 12, Shloka 2
द्वादशः सर्गः — Kaikeyi’s Boons and Dasaratha’s Moral Collapse
Ayodhya Kanda 12
Devanagari script
किन्नु मे यदि वा स्वप्नश्चित्तमोहोऽपि वा मम।अनुभूतोपसर्गो वा मनसो वाप्युपद्रवः।।।।
Transliteration
kinnu me yadi vā svapnaś cittamoho 'pi vā mama | anubhūtopasargo vā manaso vāpy upadravaḥ ||
Translation
«ما هذا الذي ألمّ بي: أهو حلمٌ، أم وَهْمٌ في الذهن؟ أم بلاءٌ وشيكٌ أنا مقبلٌ على معاناته، أم اضطرابٌ يفتك بعقلي؟»
Word by Word
itithus
iti:
Nipāta (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormQuotative particle (इति-निपात)
sañcintyahaving reflected
sañcintya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootsam-√cint (चिन्त् धातु) + ktvā (क्त्वा)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त), indeclinable
tadthat (matter)
tad:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma, Neuter, Accusative (2), Singular; object of sañcintya (understood)
rājāthe king
rājā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootrājan (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1), Singular
nanot
na:
Nipāta (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle (निषेध)
adhyagacchatfound/attained
adhyagacchat:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootadhi-√gam (गम् धातु)
FormLaṅ-lakāra (imperfect), 3rd person, Singular, Parasmaipada
tadāthen
tadā:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottadā (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (time)
sukhamcomfort
sukham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsukha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2), Singular
pratilabhyahaving regained
pratilabhya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootprati-√labh (लभ् धातु) + ktvā (क्त्वा)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त), indeclinable
cirātafter a long time
cirāt:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootcirāt (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (time: 'after long')
saṃjñāmconsciousness/senses
saṃjñām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsaṃjñā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative (2), Singular
kaikeyī-vākya-tāḍitaḥstruck by Kaikeyi's words
kaikeyī-vākya-tāḍitaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootkaikeyī (प्रातिपदिक) + vākya (प्रातिपदिक) + tāḍita (√tāḍ ताड् धातु + kta; प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष; 'struck by Kaikeyi's words'); Masculine, Nominative (1), Singular; qualifies rājā
vyathitaḥdistressed
vyathitaḥ:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (state)
TypeAdjective
Rootvyathita (√vyath व्यथ् धातु + kta; प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1), Singular; state of rājā
viklabaḥbewildered/stunned
viklabaḥ:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (state)
TypeAdjective
Rootviklaba (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1), Singular
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction
evaindeed
eva:
Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormParticle (emphasis)
vyāghrīma tigress
vyāghrīm:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvyāghrī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative (2), Singular
dṛṣṭvāhaving seen
dṛṣṭvā:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√dṛś (दृश् धातु) + ktvā (क्त्वा)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त), indeclinable
yathāas/like
yathā:
Upamā (उपमा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय)
FormComparative particle (उपमा)
mṛgaḥa deer
mṛgaḥ:
Upamāna-karta (उपमानकर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmṛga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1), Singular
asaṃvṛtāyāmon the uncovered (ground)
asaṃvṛtāyām:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Roota- (नञ्) + saṃvṛta (√vṛ वृ धातु + kta; प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Locative (7), Singular; agrees with jagatyām; 'uncovered'
āsīnaḥhaving sat
āsīnaḥ:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (state)
TypeVerb
Rootā-√sad (सद् धातु) + kta (क्त)
FormPast active participle (कर्तरि क्त), Masculine, Nominative (1), Singular; qualifies rājā
jagatyāmon the ground
jagatyām:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootjagatī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Locative (7), Singular
dīrghamlong/deeply
dīrgham:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootdīrgha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAdverbial accusative (क्रियाविशेषणरूपेण द्वितीया)
ucchvasanbreathing heavily
ucchvasan:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (state)
TypeVerb
Rootud-√śvas (श्वस् धातु) + śatṛ (शतृ)
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative (1), Singular; qualifies rājā
maṇḍalein a circle
maṇḍale:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootmaṇḍala (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Locative (7), Singular
pannagaḥa serpent
pannagaḥ:
Upamāna-karta (उपमानकर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpannaga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1), Singular; upamāna
ruddhaḥconfined/blocked
ruddhaḥ:
Kriyā (predicate)
TypeVerb
Root√rudh (रुध् धातु) + kta (क्त)
FormPast passive participle (कर्मणि क्त), Masculine, Nominative (1), Singular; predicate with pannagaḥ
mantraiḥby spells
mantraiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootmantra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental (3), Plural
ivaas if/like
iva:
Upamā (उपमा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
FormComparative particle (उपमा)
mahāviṣaḥhighly venomous
mahāviṣaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahā (प्रातिपदिक) + viṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormKarmadhāraya (कर्मधारय; 'greatly venomous'); Masculine, Nominative (1), Singular; qualifies pannagaḥ
ahoalas!
aho:
Nipāta (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootaho (अव्यय)
FormExclamatory particle (विस्मय/खेद)
dhikshame!
dhik:
Nipāta (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootdhik (अव्यय)
FormCensure/exclamation particle (निन्दा)
itithus
iti:
Nipāta (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormQuotative particle
sāmarṣaḥindignant
sāmarṣaḥ:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (state)
TypeAdjective
Rootsa- (सह) + amarṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1), Singular; 'with indignation'
vācamwords/speech
vācam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvāc (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative (2), Singular
uktvāhaving spoken
uktvā:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (वच् धातु) + ktvā (क्त्वा)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त), indeclinable
narādhipaḥthe king
narādhipaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootnara (प्रातिपदिक) + adhipa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष; 'lord of men'); Masculine, Nominative (1), Singular
mohamdelusion/faintness
moham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmoha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2), Singular
āpedivānfell into/attained
āpedivān:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootā-√pad (पद् धातु) + liṭ-periphrastic participle (लिट्-कृदन्त)
FormPerfect periphrastic participial form (लिट्; āpedivān), Masculine, Nominative (1), Singular; predicate of rājā
bhūyaḥagain
bhūyaḥ:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootbhūyaḥ (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (पुनरर्थक)
śoka-upahata-cetanaḥwith senses overwhelmed by grief
śoka-upahata-cetanaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootśoka (प्रातिपदिक) + upahata (√han हन् धातु + kta; प्रातिपदिक) + cetana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष; 'whose consciousness is struck by sorrow'); Masculine, Nominative (1), Singular; qualifies rājā
Context
When I see my firstborn , I experience supreme delight. But if I do not see him, mylife loses its meaning.
Characters & Entities
D
DaśarathaFAQs
The verse highlights self-examination under crisis: before acting, one must discern whether one’s perception is clouded by delusion or fear. Dharma begins with clarity of mind and truthful assessment of one’s situation.
Daśaratha, shaken by Kaikeyī’s harsh stance and demands, reacts with disbelief and anxiety, wondering whether he is facing an unreal or ominous turn of events.
Daśaratha’s vulnerability and honesty: he openly admits confusion and dread rather than masking his mental turmoil.
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