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Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 154

Vāmana’s Advent, Aditi’s Hymn, Bali’s Gift, and the Mahatmya of Bhū-dāna

अहो दुःखमहो दुःखमहो दुःखं दरिद्रता । तत्रापि पुत्रभार्याणां बाहुल्यमतिदुःखदम् ॥ ५४ ॥

aho duḥkhamaho duḥkhamaho duḥkhaṃ daridratā | tatrāpi putrabhāryāṇāṃ bāhulyamatiduḥkhadam || 54 ||

آهٍ—يا لها من شقاء، يا لها من شقاء، يا لها من شقاء: الفقر! وحتى فيه، فإنّ ثِقَلَ كثرةِ الأبناء والزوجة يزيد الحزنَ حزنًا.

अहोalas!
अहो:
सम्बोधन/निपात (Exclamation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअहो (अव्यय)
Formविस्मयादि-निपात (exclamatory particle)
दुःखम्sorrow
दुःखम्:
प्रेडिकेट-नाम (Predicate nominative)
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
अहोalas!
अहो:
सम्बोधन/निपात
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअहो (अव्यय)
Formविस्मयादि-निपात
दुःखम्sorrow
दुःखम्:
प्रेडिकेट-नाम
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
अहोalas!
अहो:
सम्बोधन/निपात
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअहो (अव्यय)
Formविस्मयादि-निपात
दुःखम्sorrow
दुःखम्:
प्रेडिकेट-नाम
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
दरिद्रताpoverty
दरिद्रता:
कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootदरिद्रता (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
तत्रthere; in that (condition)
तत्र:
क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb of place)
अपिalso; even
अपि:
निपात (Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle)
पुत्रभार्याणाम्of sons and wives
पुत्रभार्याणाम्:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र + भार्या (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/स्त्री (Masc/Fem members), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), बहुवचन (Plural)
बाहुल्यम्abundance; multitude
बाहुल्यम्:
कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootबाहुल्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
अतिदुःखदम्giving excessive sorrow
अतिदुःखदम्:
विशेषण (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootअति + दुःखद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण qualifying बाहुल्यम्

Narada (in teaching-dialogue context with Sanatkumara tradition)

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: raudra

FAQs

It highlights how material deprivation intensifies worldly suffering, urging discernment (viveka) and detachment (vairagya) so one does not mistake household expansion for lasting security.

By showing the limits of worldly supports, it implicitly turns the mind toward reliance on the Divine—Bhakti as a refuge when samsaric conditions (like poverty) make ordinary attachments painful and unstable.

No specific Vedanga (like Vyakarana, Jyotisha, or Kalpa) is taught in this verse; the practical takeaway is ethical prudence in household planning and responsible maintenance aligned with dharma.