Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 131

Graha–Ketu–Utpāta Lakṣaṇas: Solar/Lunar Omens, Comets, Eclipses, and Calendar Rules

Devanagari script

तपास्तपस्य क्रमशश्चैत्रादीनां समाह्वयाः । यस्मिन्मासे पौर्णमासी येन धिष्ण्येन संयुता ॥ १३१ ॥

Transliteration

tapāstapasya kramaśaścaitrādīnāṃ samāhvayāḥ | yasminmāse paurṇamāsī yena dhiṣṇyena saṃyutā || 131 ||

Translation

تَبَس (Tapas) وتَبَسْيَا (Tapasya) هما، على الترتيب، اسمان يُطلقان أيضًا على الشهور المبتدئة بشهر تشيترا (Caitra). ويُعرَف كلُّ شهرٍ بليلة البدر (pūrṇimā) الواقعة فيه وبالمنزلة القمرية (nakṣatra) التي يقترن بها ذلك البدر.

Word by Word

• तपाः: Tapā (a month-name)
• तपाः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; नाम (month-name)

• तपस्य: Tapasyā (a month-name)
• तपस्य: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; नाम (month-name)

• क्रमशः: in order, successively
• क्रमशः: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: क्रमशस् (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• चैत्रादीनाम्: of (months) beginning with Caitra
• चैत्रादीनाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चैत्र + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन; ‘चैत्र-आदि’ = चैत्रः आदिः येषाम् (of those beginning with Caitra)

• समाह्वयाः: names, appellations
• समाह्वयाः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: समाह्वय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; ‘समाह्वय’ = name/calling

• यस्मिन्: in which
• यस्मिन्: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक सर्वनाम (relative pronoun)

• मासे: in the month
• मासे: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मास (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन

• पौर्णमासी: the full-moon (tithi)
• पौर्णमासी: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पौर्णमासी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; पूर्णिमा-तिथि (full-moon day)

• येन: by which
• येन: Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक सर्वनाम

• धिष्ण्येन: with the (lunar) mansion/seat
• धिष्ण्येन: Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धिष्ण्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; धिष्ण्य = नक्षत्र/स्थान (astral station/seat)

• संयुता: joined, connected
• संयुता: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम् + युज् (धातु) → संयुत (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; √युज् (to join)

Speaker

Sanatkumara (in dialogue with Narada)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It frames sacred time as a dharmic structure: months are not merely civil labels but are ritually meaningful, defined through Paurṇimā and nakṣatra-conjunctions that guide observances and vows.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

By clarifying the sacred calendar, it supports bhakti-practice indirectly—helping devotees perform vrata, pūjā timings, and festival observances on correct tithis and nakṣatra-yogas, which strengthens disciplined devotion.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

Jyotiṣa (Vedāṅga astronomy/astrology): determining month-names and ritual months through the full moon (Paurṇimā) and its associated nakṣatra, a key rule for calendrical computation.