Jyotiṣa-śāstra Saṅgraha: Threefold Division, Gaṇita Methods, Muhūrta, and Planetary Reckoning
स्वाहोरात्रचतुर्भागेदिनरात्रिदले स्मृते । याम्यक्रांतौ विपर्यस्ते द्विगुणैते दिनक्षये ॥ १२२ ॥
svāhorātracaturbhāgedinarātridale smṛte | yāmyakrāṃtau viparyaste dviguṇaite dinakṣaye || 122 ||
في تقسيم اليوم والليلة الكاملين إلى أربعة أقسام، تُفهم كل نصفة (النهار والليل) على ذلك الوجه. لكن إذا سرت الشمس في مسارها الجنوبي (dakṣiṇāyana) انعكس هذا التقسيم؛ وعند انقضاء النهار يصير مضاعفًا.
Sanatkumara (in dialogue with Narada)
Vrata: none
Primary Rasa: shanta
Secondary Rasa: none
It emphasizes that dharma and vrata are not only about intention but also about correct kāla (sacred timing); aligning actions with cosmic order (as governed by the sun’s course) supports steadiness of mind and purity of practice.
Bhakti practices like pūjā, japa, and vratas are traditionally performed at prescribed times; the verse supports devotion by teaching accurate time-divisions so worship is offered in the proper yama/portion of day in harmony with seasonal solar movement.
Jyotiṣa (Vedāṅga astronomy/astrology): it points to rules for dividing the ahorātra (day-night), accounting for the sun’s southern course (dakṣiṇāyana) and time-variation that affects ritual scheduling.