Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 57, Shloka 9

Adhyaya 57 — The Ninefold Divisions of Bharata: Mountains, Rivers, and Peoples

Sanskrit

इज्याध्यायवणिज्याद्यैः कर्मभिः कृतपावनाः ।

तेषां संव्यवहारश्च एभिः कर्मभिरिष्यते ॥

Transliteration

ijyādhyāyavaṇijyādyaiḥ karmabhiḥ kṛtapāvanāḥ | teṣāṃ saṃvyavahāraś ca ebhiḥ karmabhir iṣyate ||

Translation

ويُطهَّرون بأعمالٍ مثل القربان/العبادة، وتلاوة الفيدا ودراستها، والتجارة وما شابه؛ وتُستحسن معاملاتهم الاجتماعية لكونها تُدار بهذه المهن عينها.

Word by Word

• इज्याध्यायवणिज्याद्यैः: by acts such as sacrifice, study, trade, etc.
• इज्याध्यायवणिज्याद्यैः: Karana (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इज्या + अध्याय + वणिज्या + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग/स्त्रीलिङ्ग-समाहारद्वन्द्ववत्; तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन; ‘आदि’ समावेशार्थक

• कर्मभिः: by deeds
• कर्मभिः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• कृतपावनाः: purified (made pure)
• कृतपावनाः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृत (√कृ, क्त) + पावन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुष-प्रायः: ‘कृतं पावनं येषाम्’ (those whose purification is done / purified by deeds)

• तेषाम्: of them
• तेषाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी, बहुवचन

• संव्यवहारः: social dealings; transactions
• संव्यवहारः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सं + व्यवहार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक

• एभिः: by these
• एभिः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया, बहुवचन

• कर्मभिः: by deeds
• कर्मभिः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• इष्यते: is accepted/considered
• इष्यते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √इष् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोगः (passive)

Speakers

• Not within Devi Māhātmya; standard Purāṇic narration (frame-speakers not explicit in these verses)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Karma
• Social Ethics
• Ritual and Study

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Purity is presented not merely as birth-status but as sustained by right action: worship, learning, and honest livelihood. Social legitimacy (‘saṃvyavahāra’) is grounded in dharmic performance of one’s duties.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Though embedded in ‘Sthāna’ narration, this is a dharma-teaching adjunct; it does not directly serve sarga/pratisarga/vaṃśa/manvantara, but Purāṇas often interleave dharma within cosmography.

What is the esoteric significance?

The triad of worship, study, and livelihood can be read as harmonizing the sacred (yajña), the true (vidyā), and the worldly (artha) so that daily life itself becomes a purifying discipline.