Shloka 48

Adhyaya 31 — Naimittika and Related Śrāddha Rites: Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa, Eligibility, Timing, and Procedure

Sanskrit

हुतावशिष्टं दद्याच्च भाजनेषु द्विजनmanām ।

भाजनालम्बनं कृत्वा दद्याच्चान्नं यथाविधि ॥

Transliteration

hutāvaśiṣṭaṃ dadyācca bhājaneṣu dvijanmanām / bhājanālambhanaṃ kṛtvā dadyāccānnaṃ yathāvidhi

Translation

ينبغي له أن يضع الطعام الباقي بعد القربان للنار في أواني ذوي الميلادين (البراهمة). وبعد أن يرتّب الدعامات ومواضع الأواني ترتيبًا لائقًا، فليقدّم الطعام على الوجه الصحيح وفقًا للقاعدة الطقسية.

Word by Word

• हुत-अवशिष्टम्: the remainder of the oblation
• हुत-अवशिष्टम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हुत (कृदन्त; √हु धातु) + अवशिष्ट (कृदन्त; √शिष् धातु)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (हुतस्य अवशिष्टम्)

• दद्यात्: should give
• दद्यात्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दा (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)

• भाजनेषु: in the vessels
• भाजनेषु: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भाजन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), बहुवचन

• द्वि-जनmanām: of the twice-born (Brahmins)
• द्वि-जनmanām: Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विजन्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन; समासः कर्मधारयः (द्वि + जन्मन् = द्विजन्मन्)

• भाजन-आलम्बनम्: support/holding of the vessel
• भाजन-आलम्बनम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भाजन (प्रातिपदिक) + आलम्बन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (भाजनस्य आलम्बनम्)

• कृत्वा: having done
• कृत्वा: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृ (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव (indeclinable verbal)

• दद्यात्: should give
• दद्यात्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दा (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)

• अन्नम्: food
• अन्नम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन

• यथा-विधि: according to rule
• यथा-विधि: Kriya-visheshaṇa (क्रिया-विशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय) + विधि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव-समास; अव्यय (adverbial)

Speakers

• Dharma-instruction within the Markandeya Purana narrative (teacher to listener; addressed as 'putraka' later in the sequence)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Gṛhastha-dharma
• Śrāddha
• Hospitality
• Pitṛ-pūjā

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Ritual correctness is paired with respect: food is not merely served, it is served in a sanctified sequence (post-offering) and with proper arrangement, reflecting attentiveness (apramāda) and reverence toward guests and pitṛ-kriyā.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

This passage is primarily Dharma/ācāra instruction rather than the pañcalakṣaṇa core (sarga, pratisarga, vaṃśa, manvantara, vaṃśānucarita). It functions as supplementary dharma-śāstra material embedded in Purāṇic discourse.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Huta-avaśiṣṭa’ symbolizes food transformed by yajña—ordinary consumption is elevated into a sacral exchange, where feeding the worthy becomes an extension of offering into the cosmic order (ṛta).