Shloka 2

Adhyaya 15 — Karmic Retribution: Rebirths After Naraka and the King’s Compassion in Hell

Sanskrit

उपाध्यायव्यलीकन्तु कृत्वा श्वा भवति द्विजः ।

तज्जायां मनसावाञ्छन् तद्द्रव्यञ्चाप्यसंशयम् ॥

Transliteration

upādhyāyavyalīkaṃ tu kṛtvā śvā bhavati dvijaḥ /

tajjāyāṃ manasāvāñchan taddravyaṃ cāpy asaṃśayam

Translation

البراهمن الذي يمارس الخداع أو الخيانة تجاه معلّمه يصير كلبًا. ومن يطمع في قلبه بزوجة المعلّم—وكذلك بماله—يسقط كذلك، بلا ريب.

Word by Word

• upādhyāya-vyalīkam: deceit/falsehood toward one’s teacher
• upādhyāya-vyalīkam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: upādhyāya+vyalīka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)

• tu: but / indeed
• tu: Sambandha/Anvaya (सम्बन्ध/अन्वय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात)

• kṛtvā: having done
• kṛtvā: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (कृ धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/gerund (क्त्वा)

• śvā: a dog
• śvā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śvan (श्वन् प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• bhavati: becomes
• bhavati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhū (भू धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• dvijaḥ: a Brahmin
• dvijaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dvija (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• tat-jāyām: his wife
• tat-jāyām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad+jāyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)

• manasā: with the mind / mentally
• manasā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manas (मनस् प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Singular (एकवचन)

• vāñchan: desiring
• vāñchan: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vāñch (वाञ्छ् धातु)
• Form: Present active participle (शतृ), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग)

• tat-dravyam: his property/wealth
• tat-dravyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad+dravya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• api: also
• api: Sambandha/Anvaya (सम्बन्ध/अन्वय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (सम्भावना/समुच्चयार्थक निपात)

• asaṃśayam: undoubtedly
• asaṃśayam: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: asaṃśaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन); used adverbially

Speakers

• Yamakiṅkara

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Yama

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Guru-bhakti/ācārya-niṣṭhā
• Mental sin (mānasa)
• Rebirth

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The teacher-student bond is treated as sacrosanct; betrayal and covetousness—even mental—are ethically weighty. Inner intention is not morally neutral.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Dharma instruction and karmic anthropology; not a pancalakṣaṇa core topic.

What is the esoteric significance?

Becoming a dog symbolizes loss of discernment and subjection to appetite; it mirrors the inner state of one who trades reverence for craving.