Shloka 83

Adhyaya 10 — Jaimini’s Questions on Birth, Death, Karma, and the Embodied Journey

Sanskrit

तन्मध्ये पापकर्माणं विमुञ्चन्ति यमानुगाः ।

स दह्यमानस्तीव्रेण वह्निना तत्र धावति ॥

Transliteration

tanmadhye pāpakarmāṇaṃ vimuñcanti yamānugāḥ | sa dahyamānas tīvreṇa vahninā tatra dhāvati ||

Translation

وفي وسط ذلك الموضع يُلقي أعوان يَما (Yama) فاعل الآثام. وإذ تحرقه نارٌ ضارية، يظلّ يركض هناك ذهابًا وإيابًا.

Word by Word

• tat-madhye: in the midst of that
• tat-madhye: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + madhya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष): 'in the middle of that'; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• pāpa-karmāṇam: the sinner (evil-doer)
• pāpa-karmāṇam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāpa (प्रातिपदिक) + karman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya (कर्मधारय): 'sinful deed-doer' / 'one of sinful acts'; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• vimuñcanti: they release/throw (him)
• vimuñcanti: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi + muc (धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)

• yama-anugāḥ: Yama's attendants
• yama-anugāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yama (प्रातिपदिक) + anuga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष): 'followers of Yama'; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun (सर्वनाम); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• dahyamānaḥ: being burnt
• dahyamānaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dah (धातु) + ya (यक्) + śatṛ (शतृ)
• Form: Present passive participle (यक् + शतृ); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• tīvreṇa: by intense
• tīvreṇa: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tīvra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter (पुं/नपुंसक), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• vahninā: by fire
• vahninā: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vahni (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• tatra: there
• tatra: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (देशवाचक अव्यय)

• dhāvati: runs
• dhāvati: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dhāv (धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

Speakers

• Frame not specified in input

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "raudra", "secondaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Yama

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Karma
• Judgment after death
• Naraka

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse frames punishment as impersonal execution of moral law: Yama’s agents do not ‘hate’ the sinner; they administer the consequence of pāpa.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Falls under dharma-kathā/karma-phala exposition—supporting purāṇic ethical instruction rather than genealogical or creation narratives.

What is the esoteric significance?

Running while burning reflects restlessness (rājasic agitation) under the heat of guilt and consequence; the mind cannot ‘sit’ in peace when actions contradict dharma.