Shloka 24

Adhyaya 10 — Jaimini’s Questions on Birth, Death, Karma, and the Embodied Journey

Sanskrit

हतं मया हतश्चान्यैर्हतं मे घातितं तथा ।

दत्तं ममाऽन्यैरन्येभ्यो मया दत्तमनेकशः ॥

Transliteration

hataṃ mayā hataś cānyair hataṃ me ghātitaṃ tathā /

dattaṃ mamānyair anyebhyo mayā dattam anekaśaḥ

Translation

لقد قتلتُ، وقد قُتِلتُ أيضًا على يد غيري؛ كما تسببتُ في أن يُقتَل (آخرون). وما كان لي قد أعطاه غيري لغيري؛ وأنا أيضًا قد أعطيتُ مرارًا كثيرة.

Word by Word

• hatam: killed
• hatam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √han (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
• Form: Kta-participle (past passive participle), Napuṃsakalिङ्ग, Prathamā/Dvitīyā (1st/2nd), Ekavacana; used impersonally: 'killing done' / 'I was killed'

• mayā: by me
• mayā: Kartṛ-karaṇa (कर्ता/करण in passive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma, Tṛtīyā (3rd/तृतीया), Ekavacana; instrumental agent

• hataḥ: killed
• hataḥ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √han (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
• Form: Kta-participle, Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; predicate

• ca: and
• ca: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Samucchaya-nipāta

• anyaiḥ: by others
• anyaiḥ: Kartṛ-karaṇa (कर्ता/करण in passive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā (3rd/तृतीया), Bahuvacana; instrumental agent

• hatam: killed
• hatam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √han (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
• Form: Kta-participle, Napuṃsakalिङ्ग, Prathamā/Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

• me: of me / my
• me: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma, Ṣaṣṭhī (6th/षष्ठी), Ekavacana (enclitic)

• ghātitam: caused to be killed
• ghātitam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √han (धातु) + ṇic (णिच् causative) + kta (कृत्)
• Form: Causative kta-participle (past passive participle), Napuṃsakalिङ्ग, Prathamā/Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; 'caused to be killed'

• tathā: likewise
• tathā: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Prakāra-avyaya (adverb: likewise)

• dattam: given
• dattam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dā (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
• Form: Kta-participle, Napuṃsakalिङ्ग, Prathamā/Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; 'given'

• mama: my / of me
• mama: Sambandha (षष्ठī-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma, Ṣaṣṭhī (6th/षष्ठी), Ekavacana

• anyaiḥ: by others
• anyaiḥ: Kartṛ-karaṇa (कर्ता/करण in passive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā (3rd/तृतीया), Bahuvacana; instrumental agent

• anyebhyaḥ: to others
• anyebhyaḥ: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Caturthī (4th/चतुर्थी), Bahuvacana; recipient

• mayā: by me
• mayā: Kartṛ-karaṇa (कर्ता/करण in passive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma, Tṛtīyā (3rd/तृतीया), Ekavacana

• dattam: given
• dattam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dā (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
• Form: Kta-participle, Napuṃsakalिङ्ग, Prathamā/Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

• anekaśaḥ: many times
• anekaśaḥ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: anekaśaḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Prakāra/saṅkhyā-avyaya (adverb: many times/in many ways)

Speakers

• Unspecified speaker; reflective confession of karmic actions

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Karma (hiṃsā and dāna)
• Moral causality
• Non-ownership/impermanence

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Acts of violence rebound through the cycle of births, and possessions do not remain ‘mine’; the verse encourages ahiṃsā, generosity, and relinquishment of possessiveness.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Didactic karma-teaching embedded in narrative discourse; loosely part of dharma exposition rather than cosmological categories.

What is the esoteric significance?

Killer/killed/causer triad mirrors the bondage of doership (kartṛtva); release comes by transcending the sense of agency through knowledge.