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Shloka 1

पाण्डवपरिचयः—विराटसभायां प्रकाशनम्

Identification of the Pāṇḍavas in Virāṭa’s Court

वैशम्पायनजी कहते हैं--जनमेजय! महात्मा अर्जुनने जब इस प्रकार युद्धके लिये ललकारा, तब धूृतराष्ट्रपुत्र दुर्योधन अंकुशकी चोट खाये हुए मतवाले गजराजकी भाँति उनके कटुवचनरूपी अंकुशसे पीड़ित हो पुन: लौट पड़ा

Vaiśampāyana uvāca—Janamejaya! mahātmā Arjunena yadā evaṃ yuddhāya lalakāra, tadā Dhṛtarāṣṭraputro Duryodhanaḥ aṅkuśa-ghāta-kṣata iva matta-gajarājaḥ, tasya kaṭu-vacana-rūpeṇa aṅkuśena pīḍitaḥ punar nivṛttaḥ.

قال فايشَمبايانا: «يا جاناميجايا! لما صاح أرجونا العظيم النفس متحدّياً للقتال على هذا النحو، فإن دوريوذانا ابن دِهرتراشترا—كفيلٍ هائجٍ من سادة الفيلة ضُرِب بالمِهْمَاز—تألّم من مِهْمَاز كلمات أرجونا القاسية، فعاد فاستدار من جديد.»

वैशम्पायनःVaishampayana
वैशम्पायनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैशम्पायन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
जनमेजयO Janamejaya
जनमेजय:
TypeNoun
Rootजनमेजय
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
महात्माgreat-souled
महात्मा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमहात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अर्जुनःArjuna
अर्जुनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यदाwhen
यदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
एवम्thus
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
युद्धायfor battle
युद्धाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Dative, Singular
अललकारchallenged/roared
अललकार:
TypeVerb
Rootललकार
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
धृतराष्ट्रपुत्रःson of Dhritarashtra
धृतराष्ट्रपुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधृतराष्ट्रपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दुर्योधनःDuryodhana
दुर्योधनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अङ्कुशाघातेनby the blow of a goad
अङ्कुशाघातेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअङ्कुशाघात
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
मतःmaddened
मतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गजराजःking of elephants
गजराजः:
TypeNoun
Rootगजराज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इवlike/as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
तस्यof him (Arjuna)
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
कटुवचनाङ्कुशेनby the goad of harsh words
कटुवचनाङ्कुशेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकटुवचनाङ्कुश
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
पीडितःpained/afflicted
पीडितः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपीड्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
न्यवर्ततturned back/returned
न्यवर्तत:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
FormImperfect, Third, Singular, Atmanepada

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
J
Janamejaya
A
Arjuna
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
D
Duryodhana
A
aṅkuśa (elephant-goad)
G
gajarāja (lordly elephant)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how sharp, ethically charged speech can function like a ‘goad’: it checks arrogance and exposes inner instability. It also cautions that pride, when provoked, becomes volatile—like a maddened elephant—showing the moral psychology behind escalation and retreat in conflict.

Arjuna issues a direct battle-challenge. Duryodhana, stung by Arjuna’s biting words—compared to an elephant-goad—reacts like a wounded, enraged elephant and turns back again, indicating a moment of agitation and compelled withdrawal.