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Shloka 15

Kaurava Court Hears of the Pāṇḍavas’ Forest Hardship (वैचित्रवीर्यवंशीयस्य राज्ञः करुणाविचारः)

पर्व चैव चतुर्विशं तदा सूर्यमुपस्थितम्‌ । तथा धर्मगतं रौद्रं सोम॑ सूर्यगतं च तम्‌,उस समय भगवान्‌ सूर्यके निकट चौबीसवाँ पर्व उपस्थित था; अर्थात्‌ पहले जिस अमावस्यापर्वमें देवासुर-संग्राम हुआ था; उससे पूरे एक वर्षके बाद पुनः वैसा अवसर आया था। धर्मकी अर्थात्‌ होम और संध्याकी वेलामें वह रौद्र मुहूर्त उपस्थित था और चन्द्रमा सूर्यकी राशिमें स्थित हो गये थे

parva caiva caturviśaṃ tadā sūryam upasthitam | tathā dharmagataṃ raudraṃ soma-sūryagataṃ ca tam ||

قال ماركانديّا: في ذلك الوقت حلّ من جديد البَرفَن الرابع والعشرون (موضعُ التقاء نصفَي الشهر القمري) بالنسبة إلى الشمس. وجاءت تلك المُهُورتا العنيفة في الساعة التي يفرضها الدَّرْمَ—للهوما وعبادة الشفق—وكان القمر قد دخل بُرج الشمس، فجاء ظلامُ الاقتران.

पर्वfortnightly junction/day (parvan)
पर्व:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपर्वन्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
चतुर्विंशम्twenty-fourth
चतुर्विंशम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्विंश
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तदाthen/at that time
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
सूर्यम्the Sun
सूर्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उपस्थितम्arrived/present
उपस्थितम्:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-स्था
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
तथाthus/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
धर्मगतम्gone into/connected with dharma (ritual duty)
धर्मगतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्म-गत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
रौद्रम्Raudra (fierce) (muhūrta)
रौद्रम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootरौद्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सोमःthe Moon
सोमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसोम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सूर्यगतःgone to/entered the Sun (i.e., in conjunction with the Sun)
सूर्यगतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसूर्य-गत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तम्that (state/time)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Accusative, Singular

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

M
Mārkaṇḍeya
S
Sūrya (Sun)
S
Soma/Candra (Moon)
R
Raudra muhūrta
P
Parva (lunar junction)

Educational Q&A

The verse links cosmic timing with dharma: even when one is engaged in prescribed duties (homa, sandhyā), time can turn ‘raudra’ (severe/inauspicious). It underscores vigilance and discernment—ethical and ritual life is lived within larger cycles of time, and one must recognize critical junctures (parva) that can intensify events.

Mārkaṇḍeya describes a specific calendrical-astronomical moment: the recurrence of a significant parva (counted as the twenty-fourth in a cycle) and a ‘raudra’ muhūrta coinciding with the dharma-hours of twilight rites. The Moon’s entry into the Sun’s domain indicates conjunction/new-moon darkness, presented as an ominous turning point.