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Shloka 25

Āraṇyaka-parva Adhyāya 199: Dharmavyādha on Svakarma, Vidhi, and the Limits of Ahiṃsā

तस्य राजर्षेविधाता तेनैव वेषेण परीक्षार्थभागत इति तस्मिन्नन्तर्हिते अमात्या राजानमूचु: । किं प्रेप्सुना भवता इदमेवं जानता कृतमिति,साक्षात्‌ विधाता ब्राह्मणके वेशमें राजर्षि शिबिकी परीक्षा लेने आये थे। उनके अन्तर्धान हो जानेपर राजाके मन्त्रियोंने उनसे पूछा--“महाराज! आप क्‍या चाहते हैं? जिसके लिये सब कुछ जानते हुए भी ऐसा दुःसाहसपूर्ण कार्य किया है?”

tasya rājarṣer vidhātā tenaiva veṣeṇa parīkṣārtham āgata iti tasminn antarhite amātyā rājānam ūcuḥ | kiṃ prepsunā bhavatā idam evaṃ jñānatā kṛtam iti |

قال فايشَمبايانا: إنَّ الخالقَ (ڤِدهاتا)، وقد جاء في ذلك التنكّر بعينه ليمتحنَ الملكَ الناسكَ، ثم توارى عن الأنظار. فلما اختفى، خاطب الوزراءُ الملكَ قائلين: «يا مولاي، ما الذي كنتَ تبتغي نيله؟ ولأيِّ غايةٍ—وأنتَ على علمٍ تام—أقدمتَ على فعلٍ بهذه الجرأة؟»

तस्यof him/that
तस्य:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
राजर्षेःof the royal sage
राजर्षेः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootराजर्षि
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
विधाताthe Creator (Brahmā)
विधाता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविधातृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तेनby that/with that
तेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
वेषेणin/with a disguise
वेषेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवेष
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
परीक्षा-अर्थम्for the purpose of testing
परीक्षा-अर्थम्:
Prayojana
TypeNoun
Rootपरीक्षा + अर्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आगतःhaving come/arrived
आगतः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआ-गम्
Formक्त (past passive participle used actively), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus/so (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
तस्मिन्in him/when that (one)
तस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
अन्तर्हितेhaving disappeared/being hidden
अन्तर्हिते:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootअन्तर्-धा
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
अमात्याःministers
अमात्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअमात्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
राजानम्the king
राजानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ऊचुःsaid/spoke
ऊचुः:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (लिट्), Third, Plural
किम्what?
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रेप्सुनाdesiring to obtain (by you, who desire to obtain)
प्रेप्सुना:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-आप्
Formसन् (desiderative participle: प्रेप्सु), Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
भवताby you (sir)
भवता:
Kartr-karana (agent in instrumental)
TypePronoun
Rootभवत्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एवम्thus/in this way
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
जानताwhile knowing/though knowing
जानता:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Instrumental, Singular
कृतम्done
कृतम्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
इतिthus (quoting)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
V
Vidhātā (the Creator)
T
the rājarṣi (royal sage/king, i.e., Śibi in this episode)
A
amātyas (ministers)

Educational Q&A

True dharma is shown not by words but by action under pressure: the royal sage’s willingness to perform a perilous deed is framed as a divine test, highlighting that ethical resolve and self-sacrifice are the measures of righteous kingship.

The Creator, having arrived in disguise to test the king, disappears after the test. The ministers then question the king, asking what goal he sought that made him undertake such a bold act despite knowing the risks.