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Shloka 43

Kuvalāśva’s Lineage and Uttaṅka’s Petition concerning Dhundhu (धुन्धु-प्रसङ्गः)

भगवन्‌ मृगो मे विद्धः पलायते सम्भावयितुमरहसि वाम्यौ दातुमिति । तमब्रवीदृषिर्ददानि ते वाम्यौ कृतकार्येण भवता ममैव वाम्यौ निर्यात्यौ क्षिप्रमिति । स च तावश्वौ प्रतिगृह्मानुज्ञाप्प ऋषिं प्रायाद्‌ वामीप्रयुक्तेन रथेन मृगं प्रतिगच्छंश्चाब्रवीत्‌ सूतमश्चरत्नाविमावयोग्यौ ब्राह्मणानां नैतौ प्रतिदेयौ वामदेवायेत्युक्त्वा मृगमवाप्य स्वनगरमेत्याश्वावन्त:पुरेडस्थापयत्‌,“भगवन्‌! मेरे बाणोंसे घायल हुआ हिंसक पशु भागा जा रहा है। आप अपने वाम्य अश्व मुझे देनेकी कृपा करें।” तब महर्षिने कहा---"मैं तुम्हें वाम्य अश्व दिये देता हूँ। परंतु जब तुम्हारा कार्य सिद्ध हो जाय, तब तुम शीघ्र ही ये दोनों अश्व मुझे ही लौटा देना।” राजाने दोनों अश्व पाकर ऋषिकी आज्ञा ले वहाँसे प्रस्थान किया। वामी घोड़ोंसे जुते हुए रथके द्वारा हिंसक पशुका पीछा करते हुए वे सारथिसे बोले--'सूत! ये दोनों अश्वरत्न ब्राह्मणोंके पास रहने योग्य नहीं। अतः इन्हें वामदेवके पास लौटानेकी आवश्यकता नहीं है।” ऐसा कहकर राजा हिंसक पशुको साथ ले अपनी राजधानीको चल दिये। वहाँ पहुँचकर उन्होंने उन दोनों अश्वोंको अन्तःपुरमें बाँध दिया

vaiśampāyana uvāca | bhagavan mṛgo me viddhaḥ palāyate sambhāvayitum arhasi vāmyau dātum iti | tam abravīd ṛṣir dadāni te vāmyau, kṛtakāryeṇa bhavatā mamaiva vāmyau niryātyau kṣipram iti | sa ca tāv aśvau pratigṛhya anujñāpya ṛṣiṃ prāyāt | vāmīprayuktena rathena mṛgaṃ pratigacchaṃś cābravīt sūtam—“aśvaratnāv imāv ayogyau brāhmaṇānāṃ; naitau pratideyau vāmadevāya” iti | uktvā mṛgam avāpya svanagaram etya aśvāv antaḥpure ’sthāpayat ||

قال فايشَمبايانا: «أيها السيد الموقَّر، إن الظبي الذي أصبته يفرّ هاربًا؛ فتفضّل بمنحي زوج فرسيك فامْيا». فأجابه الحكيم: «أهبك الزوج؛ ولكن إذا تمّ لك مرادك فعليك أن تُعيد إليّ هذين الفرسين بعينهما سريعًا». فتسلّم الملك الفرسين، واستأذن الحكيم وانصرف. وبينما كان يطارد الظبي في مركبة موثوقة بهما قال لسائقها: «هذان الفَرَسان، وهما كالجواهر، لا يليق أن يبقيا عند البراهمة؛ ولا حاجة إلى إعادتهما إلى فاماديفا». ثم لحق بالظبي، وعاد إلى مدينته، وأمر أن يُربطا داخل القصر الداخلي.

भगवन्O venerable one
भगवन्:
TypeNoun
Rootभगवत्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
मृगःthe deer/animal
मृगः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमृग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मेof me / my
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
विद्धःwounded / pierced
विद्धः:
TypeVerb
Rootव्यध्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
पलायतेruns away / flees
पलायते:
TypeVerb
Rootपलाय्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
सम्भावयितुम्to grant / to be pleased to give
सम्भावयितुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-भावय्
Formतुमुन् (infinitive)
अर्हसिyou should / you are able
अर्हसि:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
FormPresent (Lat), 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada
वाम्यौtwo left-side (horses)
वाम्यौ:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवाम्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
दातुम्to give
दातुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
Formतुमुन् (infinitive)
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अब्रवीत्said
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
ऋषिःthe sage
ऋषिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ददानिI give
ददानि:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormPresent (Lat), 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
तेto you
ते:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormDative, Singular
वाम्यौthe two left-side (horses)
वाम्यौ:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवाम्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
कृतकार्येणby you (when) having accomplished the task
कृतकार्येण:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootकृतकार्य
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
भवताby you (sir)
भवता:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootभवत्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
ममof me / my
मम:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
एवindeed / only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
वाम्यौthe two left-side (horses)
वाम्यौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवाम्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
निर्यात्यौmust be returned / should be sent back
निर्यात्यौ:
TypeVerb
Rootनिर्-या
Formयत्/तव्यत् (gerundive; obligation), Masculine, Nominative, Dual
क्षिप्रम्quickly
क्षिप्रम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootक्षिप्र
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तौthose two
तौ:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
अश्वौtwo horses
अश्वौ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
प्रतिगृह्यhaving accepted
प्रतिगृह्य:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-ग्रह्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund)
अनुज्ञाप्यhaving taken leave / having obtained permission
अनुज्ञाप्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-ज्ञा
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund)
ऋषिम्the sage
ऋषिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रायात्departed
प्रायात्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-या
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
वामीप्रयुक्तेनwith a (chariot) yoked with the vāmī horses
वामीप्रयुक्तेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootवामी-प्रयुक्त
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
रथेनby/with a chariot
रथेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
मृगम्the deer/animal
मृगम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमृग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रतिगच्छन्going after / pursuing
प्रतिगच्छन्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-गम्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अब्रवीत्said
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
सूतम्to the charioteer
सूतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसूत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अश्वरत्नौtwo jewel-like horses
अश्वरत्नौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअश्वरत्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
इमौthese two
इमौ:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
अयोग्यौunfit
अयोग्यौ:
TypeAdjective
Rootअयोग्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
ब्राह्मणानाम्of brahmins
ब्राह्मणानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एतौthese two
एतौ:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
प्रतिदेयौto be given back / to be returned
प्रतिदेयौ:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रति-देय
Formयत्/तव्यत् (gerundive; obligation), Masculine, Nominative, Dual
वामदेवायto Vāmadeva
वामदेवाय:
Sampradana
TypeProperNoun
Rootवामदेव
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
उक्त्वाhaving said
उक्त्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
मृगम्the deer/animal
मृगम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमृग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अवाप्यhaving obtained / having caught
अवाप्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअव-आप्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund)
स्वनगरम्his own city
स्वनगरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वनगर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इत्यhaving gone
इत्य:
TypeVerb
Root
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), from इ- (to go) → इत्य = इत्य (having gone), often written 'इत्य' in sandhi with following word
अश्वौthe two horses
अश्वौ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
अन्तःपुरेin the inner palace
अन्तःपुरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअन्तःपुर
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
अस्थापयत्placed / made (them) stay
अस्थापयत्:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था (causative: स्थापय्)
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada, causative

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
Ṛṣi (sage)
V
Vāmadeva
K
King (unnamed in this verse)
S
Sūta (charioteer)
M
Mṛga (deer/violent animal)
V
Vāmya horses (pair of left-side horses)
R
Ratha (chariot)
S
Svanagara (own city)
A
Antaḥpura (inner palace)

Educational Q&A

A promise made to a sage—especially a conditional loan or gift—creates a binding obligation. The king’s decision to keep the horses after agreeing to return them illustrates adharma: misuse of power, rationalizing wrongdoing, and violating trust.

A king, chasing a wounded deer, requests a sage’s pair of horses. The sage lends them on the condition they be returned after the hunt. After receiving them and pursuing the animal, the king tells his charioteer the horses should not remain with Brahmins and need not be returned to Vāmadeva, then takes them to his city and keeps them in the palace.