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Shloka 53

कृतयुगवर्णनम् तथा राजधर्मोपदेशः

Kṛtayuga Description and Instruction on Royal Dharma

भूयिष्ठं कूटमानैश्व पण्यं विक्रीणते जना: । वणिजकश्न नरव्यात्र बहुमाया भवन्त्युत,लोग बाजारमें झूठे माप-तौल बनाकर बहुत-सा माल बेचते रहेंगे। नरश्रेष्ठीी उस समयके बनिये भी बहुत माया जाननेवाले (धूर्त) होंगे

bhūyiṣṭhaṃ kūṭamānaiś ca paṇyaṃ vikrīṇate janāḥ | vaṇijaś ca naraśreṣṭha bahumāyā bhavanty uta ||

قال فايشَمبايانا: «في ذلك الزمان سيبيع الناس بضائعهم في الغالب بمكاييل وموازين مزوّرة. والتجّار أيضًا، يا خيرَ الرجال، سيغدون ممتلئين بالحيل والخداع—عارفين بأنواع كثيرة من الغشّ».

भूयिष्ठम्very much / in great quantity
भूयिष्ठम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootभूयिष्ठ (भूयस्-तमप्)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कूटमानैःwith false measures/weights
कूटमानैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकूटमान
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पण्यम्merchandise / goods
पण्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपण्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विक्रीणतेsell
विक्रीणते:
TypeVerb
Rootवि + क्री (क्रीञ्)
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Ātmanepada
जनाःpeople
जनाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वणिजकाःtraders / merchants
वणिजकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवणिजक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नरव्याघ्रO tiger among men
नरव्याघ्र:
TypeNoun
Rootनर-व्याघ्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
बहुमायाःvery crafty / possessing many tricks
बहुमायाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु-माया
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भवन्तिbecome / are
भवन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
उतalso / indeed
उत:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
M
merchants (vaṇijaḥ)
P
people (janāḥ)
G
goods/merchandise (paṇya)
F
false weights and measures (kūṭamāna)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that honest trade is part of dharma, and that using false weights, measures, and deceptive practices is adharma. It portrays widespread commercial fraud as a symptom of ethical degeneration in society.

Vaiśampāyana is describing conditions of a deteriorating age: ordinary people and merchants alike will increasingly rely on dishonest weights and cunning tricks to sell goods, indicating a broader collapse of moral standards.